Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Intervention group (n = 121) | Control group (n = 121) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age: | |||
Mean (SD) | 41.7 years (9.9) | 41.7 years (9.6) | 1.0 |
Minimum-maximum | 19–61 | 19–58 | |
< 30 | 19 (15.7%) | 17 (14.0%) | 0.62 |
30 to <40 | 30 (24.8%) | 24 (19.8%) | |
40 to <50 | 42 (34.7%) | 51 (42.1%) | |
50 to <60 | 29 (24.0%) | 29 (24.0%) | |
60+ | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
BMI: | |||
Mean (SD) | 27.8 (3.9) | 27.5 (3.8) | 95% CI, −0.7 to 1.2, p = 0.57 |
Min-max | 18.4–40.2 | 17.9–36.8 | |
Underweight | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.96 |
Normal | 29 (24.0%) | 30 (24.8%) | |
Overweight | 56 (46.3%) | 57 (47.1%) | |
Obesity | 35 (28.9%) | 33 (27.3%) | |
Country of birth: | |||
Germany | 103 (85.1%) | 98 (81.0%) | 0.17 |
Turkey | 11 (9.1%) | 8 (6.6%) | |
Others | 7 (5.8%) | 15 (12.4%) | |
Work: | |||
Shift work | 60 (49.6%) | 66 (54.5%) | 0.44 |
Part time | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1,0b |
Mostly standing | 69 (57.0%) | 72 (59.5%) | 0.75 |
Mostly sedentary | 47 (38.8%) | 45 (37.2%) | |
Reported working exposures: | |||
Noise | 69 (57.0%) | 76 (62.8%) | 0.36 |
Temperature fluctuations | 66 (54.5%) | 76 (62.8%) | 0.19 |
Heat | 42 (34.7%) | 51 (42.1%) | 0.28 |
Cold | 49 (40.5%) | 52 (43.0%) | 0.61 |
Dust | 65 (53.7%) | 76 (62.8%) | 0.15 |
Carbon dioxide | 24 (19.8%) | 23 (19.0%) | 0.82 |
Smoke | 22 (18.2%) | 26 (21.5%) | 0.63 |
Heavy lifting/carrying | 32 (26.4%) | 31 (25.6%) | 0.85 |
Mental stress | 74 (61.2%) | 69 (57.0%) | 0.51 |
Frequent lifestyle habits: | |||
Smoking | 41 (33.9%) | 39 (32.2%) | 0.79 |
Alcohol consumption | 8 (6.6%) | 7 (5.8%) | 0.79 |
Physical activities | 43 (35.5%) | 46 (38.0%) | 0.69 |
Consumption of fruits and vegetables | 87 (71.9%) | 99 (81.8%) | 0.07 |
Consumption of probiotic foods | 4 (3.3%) | 12 (9.9%) | 0.04 |
Flu vaccination | 16 (13.2%) | 12 (9.9%) | 0.44 |