Table 4 Comparison of the change in nutrient intake calculated from 4-day WFRs and FFQs
Mean change WFRa | Mean change FFQb | Cohen’s d effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|
Energy (kJc) | 137.3 ± 1709.2 | 964.4 ± 3413.3 | 0.32 |
kJ from protein (%) | −2.9 ± 4.7 | −1.3 ± 2.3 | 0.44 |
kJ from total fat (%) | 4.7 ± 7.9 | 7.0 ± 10.8 | 0.24 |
kJ from SFAd (%) | −2.5 ± 2.3 | −1.4 ± 1.7 | 0.57 |
kJ from MUFAe (%) | 6.2 ± 6.1 | 7.3 ± 8.2 | 0.16 |
kJ from PUFAf (%) | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 2.6 | 0.16 |
kJ from CHOg (%) | −0.3 ± 7.3 | −3.9 ± 10.1 | 0.40 |
kJ from alcohol (%) | −2.0 ± 5.0 | −1.8 ± 3.3 | 0.04 |
% fat as MUFA | 11.5 ± 8.4 | 8.4 ± 7.5 | 0.39 |
% fat as PUFA | 1.8 ± 5.3 | −0.8 ± 3.7 | 0.58 |
% fat as SFA | −13.4 ± 7.0 | −6.8 ± 6.1 | 1.00 |
MUFA:SFA | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.42 |
Cholesterol (mg) | −57.1 ± 93.5 | −69.2 ± 104.0 | 0.12 |
Fibre (g) | 3.2 ± 10.5 | 2.9 ± 8.2 | 0.04 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 45.5 ± 75.2 | 11.9 ± 45.1 | 0.56 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 5.7 ± 5.9 | 5.6 ± 10.0 | 0.01 |
Total folate (ug) | −3.1 ± 134.9 | 15.3 ± 89.4 | 0.16 |
Beta-carotene equivalents (ug) | −546.2 ± 3839.9 | −97.1 ± 1506.3 | 0.17 |
Sodium (mg) | −481.3 ± 1281.7 | −49.6 ± 697.2 | 0.44 |
Potassium (mg) | 207.5 ± 711.1 | 355.1 ± 966.1 | 0.18 |
Calcium (mg) | −24.6 ± 179.8 | 185.4 ± 460.3 | 0.66 |
Iron (mg) | −1.4 ± 3.4 | −0.6 ± 4.4 | 0.22 |
Long-chain omega-3 FAsh (mg) | −122.8 ± 238.7 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | 1.03 |