Fig. 2

Design of the behavioural lifestyle intervention study (BLIS). All of the patients in the intervention group underwent a six-month lifestyle programme composed of 8 sessions, 4 individual sessions and 4 telephone calls, which were administered by clinical dietitians. Cognitive behavioural theory was the underpinning theory used to facilitate behavioural changes. Accordingly, strategies such as self-monitoring and goal setting were used to improve compliance with healthy lifestyle practices. Goal setting was implemented by providing the patients with a goal chart at the baseline visit. These charts included SMART (smart, measurable, achievable, relevant and timed) goals for carbohydrate intake, weight loss and physical activity. During each individual session, the goal charts were reviewed and new goals were set. Self-monitoring was encouraged through the maintenance of a diet diary, which was developed and provided at the initial assessment. The telephone calls were conducted according to a structured topic guide. The intervention group also received structured educational materials developed specifically for the Emirati community. In all of the patients, all of the outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months