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Table 4 Multivariate adjusted associations between maternal characteristics associated and HEI-SGP score

From: A healthy eating index to measure diet quality in pregnant women in Singapore: a cross-sectional study

 

HEI-SGP scoreb GUSTO cohort

 

aAdjusted model

 

Low Tertile (n = 319)

OR (95 % CI)

Middle Tertile (n = 316)

OR (95 % CI)

Total energy (log)

5.64 (1.58-20.05)**

0.86 (0.26-2.90)

Maternal Age

0.94 (0.90-0.97)**

0.96 (0.92-0.99)*

BMI at 26 weeks

1.03 (0.99-1.08)

1.07 (1.03-1.12)**

Ethnicity

  

 Indian

0.88 (0.55-1.42)

0.94 (0.60-1.48)

 Malay

2.54 (1.55-4.16)***

1.75 (1.06-2.89)*

 Chinese

Ref

Ref

Household Income

  

 <S$2000

2.00 (1.03-3.87)*

1.17 (0.61-2.25)

 S$2000-5999

1.37 (0.87-2.16)

0.95 (0.63-1.44)

 >S$6000

Ref

Ref

Education Level

  

 ≤ secondary

1.96 (1.19-3.25)**

1.71 (1.06-2.78)*

 Post Secondary

1.62 (1.04-2.53)*

1.27 (0.83-1.94)

 ≥ University

Ref

Ref

Marital Status

  

 Single

3.31 (0.91-12.1)

2.31 (0.60-8.90)

 Married

Ref

Ref

Smoking before pregnancy

  

 Yes

0.91 (0.49-1.69)

0.89 (0.47-1.68)

 No

Ref

Ref

Smoking during pregnancy

  

 Yes

3.33 (0.68-16.4)

2.80 (0.53-14.7)

 No

Ref

Ref

Alcohol consumption before pregnancy

  

 Yes

0.94 (0.63-1.39)

0.75 (0.51-1.09)

 No

Ref

Ref

Combined moderate, strenuous exercise

  

 Yes

1.18 (0.44-3.15)

1.22 (0.49-3.07)

 No

Ref

Ref

Gravidity

  

First pregnancy

1.51 (1.02-2.24)*

0.97 (0.67-1.41)

Not first pregnancy

Ref

Ref

  1. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
  2. aAdjusted for all characteristics simultaneously
  3. bHEI-SGP score range: low, 12.6-45.5; middle, 45.6-58.6; high 58.7-94.3