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Table 4 Changes in the measurements and clinical parameters during the 4-week intervention

From: Beneficial effects of rice endosperm protein intake in Japanese men with risk factors for metabolic syndrome: a randomized, crossover clinical trial

Outcomes

Rice endosperm protein period (n = 18)

Casein period (n = 18)

 

Baseline

4 weeks

Changesa

Baseline

4 weeks

Changesa

P-value****

Measurements

       

 Body weight (kg)

74.9 ± 11.6

74.6 ± 11.4

0.0 [−0.9, 0.5]

74.5 ± 11.1

74.8 ± 11.5

0.0 [−0.4, 0.5]

0.392

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.4 ± 2.3

25.3 ± 2.3

0.0 [−0.3, 0.2]

25.2 ± 2.2

25.3 ± 2.3

0.0 [−0.1, 0.2]

0.231

 Waist circumference (cm)

91.2 ± 6.4

90.8 ± 6.6

−1.0 [−1.0, 1.0]

91.3 ± 6.8

90.4 ± 6.4

−1.5 [−2.0, 0.0]*

0.473

 SBP (mmHg)

124.2 ± 9.9

126.9 ± 10.3

4.0 [−3.0, 7.5]

126.6 ± 11.0

127.3 ± 15.0

0.0 [−6.0, 4.0]

0.825

 DBP (mmHg)

79.6 ± 8.3

82.6 ± 6.3

4.0 [0.5, 6.0]**

79.8 ± 6.8

83.0 ± 9.4

3.0 [−3.5, 9.0]

0.722

Clinical parametersb

       

 TC (mmol/L)

5.17 ± 0.90

5.15 ± 0.78

−0.10 [−0.23, 0.20]

5.24 ± 0.75

5.20 ± 0.87

−0.12 [−0.23, 0.19]

0.895

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.20 ± 0.22

1.28 ± 0.26

0.08 [−0.05, 0.19]**

1.27 ± 0.27

1.22 ± 0.23

−0.04 [−0.13, 0.05]

0.047

 HDL2 (mmol/L)

0.83 ± 0.25

0.87 ± 0.26

0.06 [−0.02, 0.14]

0.83 ± 0.24

0.84 ± 0.26

−0.02 [−0.06, 0.05]

0.145

 HDL3 (mmol/L)

0.51 ± 0.08

0.54 ± 0.07

0.04 [−0.01, 0.08]

0.54 ± 0.08

0.53 ± 0.09

−0.01 [−0.06, 0.02]

0.122

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.14 ± 0.70

3.20 ± 0.71

−0.04 [−0.32, 0.32]

3.24 ± 0.66

3.11 ± 0.70

−0.13 [−0.35, 0.12]

0.791

 ApoA1 (g/L)

1.33 ± 0.20

1.37 ± 0.21

0.00 [−0.05, 0.08]

1.39 ± 0.21

1.34 ± 0.20

−0.02 [−0.14, 0.04]

0.331

 ApoA2 (g/L)

0.31 ± 0.04

0.31 ± 0.03

0.00 [−0.02, 0.01]

0.31 ± 0.03

0.31 ± 0.04

0.00 [−0.02, 0.01]

0.895

 ApoB (g/L)

1.03 ± 0.22

1.03 ± 0.20

−0.04 [−0.08, 0.05]

1.04 ± 0.20

1.03 ± 0.21

−0.01 [−0.07, 0.01]

0.791

 ApoC2 (mg/L)

46 ± 25

44 ± 20

−1 [−8, 5]

48 ± 22

46 ± 24

−4 [−9, 3]

0.860

 ApoC3 (mg/L)

114 ± 53

109 ± 30

9 [−29, 24]

116 ± 40

118 ± 52

−3 [−16, 21]

0.691

 ApoE (mg/L)

48 ± 20

45 ± 10

0 [−6, 5]

48 ± 14

49 ± 19

−1 [−3, 3]

0.724

 ox-LDL (IU/L)

151 ± 43

145 ± 41

−4 [−26, 20]

158 ± 43

143 ± 37

−16 [−27, −6]**

0.825

 RLP-C (mg/L)

98 ± 178

56 ± 28

−4 [−18, 13]

69 ± 70

106 ± 178

0 [−15, 23]

0.269

 hsCRP (mg/L)

0.98 ± 1.04

0.88 ± 0.94

−0.01 [−0.46, 0.43]

0.90 ± 1.08

1.21 ± 1.69

0.06 [−0.10, 0.47]

0.627

 TG (mmol/L)

2.13 ± 2.20

1.76 ± 0.74

0.04 [−0.53, 0.55]

1.95 ± 1.34

2.34 ± 2.19

−0.05 [−0.17, 0.88]

0.508

 Glucose (mmol/L)

5.20 ± 0.58

5.29 ± 0.83

0.06 [−0.12, 0.33]

5.24 ± 0.75

5.25 ± 0.58

0.06 [−0.26, 0.28]

0.595

 Insulin (pmol/L)

54 ± 24

59 ± 32

−0.8 [−5.9, 24.3]

61 ± 52

59 ± 25

3.5 [−11.5, 23.9]

0.757

 Adiponectin (mg/L)

6.6 ± 2.9

6.6 ± 2.7

0.2 [−0.5, 0.4]

6.5 ± 2.6

6.8 ± 2.6

0.1 [−0.3, 0.5]

0.627

 UA (μmol/L)

379 ± 98

354 ± 91

−24 [−39, −6]***

362 ± 97

362 ± 81

0 [−6, 13]

0.030

 UN (mmol/L)

5.12 ± 0.77

5.20 ± 0.80

−0.04 [−0.44, 0.55]

4.98 ± 0.71

5.30 ± 0.89

0.29 [−0.37, 1.19]

0.402

 CRE (μmol/dL)

70 ± 9

72 ± 9

2 [−1, 5]

70 ± 8

73 ± 9

2 [−1, 4]**

0.894

 MCP-1 (ng/L)

311 ± 92

262 ± 83

−48 [−86, −9]***

283 ± 85

283 ± 107

−6 [−52, 41]

0.058

  1. Values for baseline and 4 weeks are indicated as Means ± SD
  2. Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, HDL high density-lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, Apo apolipoprotein, ox-LDL oxidized-LDL, RLP-C remnant like protein cholesterol, hsCRP high resolution C-peptide reactive protein, TG triglycerides, UA uric acid, UN urea nitrogen, CRE creatinine, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
  3. aChanges in values over time are indicated as medians and interquartile ranges are shown in parenthesis. Significant differences and tendencies between values over time are as follows: *P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, and ***P < 0.01; these differences were obtained using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
  4. ****P -values of treatment effects are indicated. Values less than 0.1 were emphasized by bold letter
  5. bAll clinical parameters indicate concentrations in serum
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BMC Nutrition

ISSN: 2055-0928

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