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Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression model showing the determinants of thinness and overweight/obesity among school pupils

From: Malnutrition and associated factors in children: a comparative study between public and private schools in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana

Exploratory variables

Thinness

Overweight/obesity

n/N(%)

RR (95 % CI)

P-value

n/N(%)

RR (95 % CI)

P-value

Type of school

 Public

33/417(7.91)

4.7 (1.5–21.2)

0.028

8/417(2.0)

0.3(0.1–1)

0.043

 Private

3/216(1.4)

Reference

 

19/216(9.0)

Reference

 

Sex

 Male

16/321(5.0)

Reference

 

14/312(4.5)

Reference

 

 Female

20/312(6.41)

1.4(0.7–2.7)

0.360

13/321(4.0)

1.1(0.5–2.0)

0.777

Location of school

 Rural

24/291(8.25)

1.2(0.5–2.7)

0.602

3/291(1.0)

0.2(0.1–2.3)

0.435

 Urban

12/341(3.5)

Reference

 

24/342(7.0)

Reference

 

Age of pupils (years)

 3–5

5/116(6.0)

Reference

 

2/116(1.7)

Reference

 

 6–12

31/517(5.01)

0.2(0.0–1.9)

0.147

25/517(4.8)

1.1(0.5–20.1)

0.927

Fruit consumption ≥3 times weekly

 No

24/473(3.87)

Reference

 

18/473(3.8)

Reference

 

 Yes

12/160(7.5)

0.6(0.3–1.4)

0.207

9/160(5.6)

1.3(0.6–3.2)

0.417

Eats breakfast every morning before school

 No

3/38(7.9)

Reference

 

1/38(2.6)

Reference

 

 Yes

33/595(5.6)

1.4(0.4–5.3)

0.599

26/595(4.4)

5.6(0.5–56.5)

0.147

Frequency of meals in a day

 Twice daily

3/10(30.0)

9.4(2.0–47.8)

0.007

1/6(16.7)

1.0(0.8–14)

0.078

 3 times daily

26/466(5.6)

Reference

 

17/470(3.7)

Reference

 

 4 times daily

7/157(4.5)

1.0 (0–2.7)

0685

9/157(5.7)

0.7(0.3–1.7)

0.441

Class group

 Kindergarten

5/167(3.0)

0.2(0–1.9)

0.158

3/167(1.8)

0.3(0.1–1.4)

0.290

 Class 1–3

10/242(4.1)

Reference

 

11/242(4.5)

Reference

 

 Class 4–6

21/242(9.4)

2.3(1.0–5.2)

0.045

13/224(5.8)

1.6(0.7–3.7)

0.280

Guardian occupation

 Formal sector

1/45(2.2)

1.0(0.1–12.4)

0.978

2/46(4.4)

0.3(0.1–1.4)

0.123

 Petty trading

11/239(4.6)

1.9(0.4–9.5)

0.399

10/239(4.2)

0.5(0.2–1.1)

0.093

 Unemployed

6/81(7.4)

2.3(0.4–13.0)

0.333

5/81(6.2)

0.8(0.2–2.9)

0.788

 Artisan

2/89(2.3)

Reference

 

9/89(10.1)

Reference

 

 Farming

15/178(8.4)

2.7(0.5–13.1)

0.230

1/178(0.6)

0.1(0.01–1)

0.049

Prob > chi2 = 0.0000, Pseudo R2 = 0.1462