Sodium intake in Germany estimated from sodium excretion measured in spot urine samples

BMC Nutrition

Table 1 Comparison of study populations used to develop equations

	Johner et al. (2014, 2015) [28, 36]	Toft et al. (2014) [31]	Brown et al. (2013) [35]	Tanaka et al. (2002) [32]	Kawasaki et al. (1993) [33]
Study	VERA	DanThyr & Inter99	Intersalt	Intersalt
n	1463	473	5693	591	159
Age (years)	20–79	25–65	20–59	20–59	20–79
Female (%)	58	78	50	50	51
Region	Germany	Denmark	North America & Europe	Japan	Japan
Spot urine sample		Casual urine	Casual urine	Casual urine	Second morning urine
Mean Na concentration (mmol/d)		195 (men) 139 (women)	147–240 (men)^a 118–168 (women)^a	198 (men) 177 (women)	233 (men) 186 (women)
Parameters considered to estimate creatinine reference values	Age group, sex	Age, sex, body mass, body height		Age, body mass, body height	Age, sex, body mass, body height
Parameters considered to estimate daily Na excretion	Na concentration in casual urine, creatinine concentration in casual urine, creatinine reference value	Na concentration in casual urine, creatinine concentration in casual urine, creatinine reference value, sex	Na concentration in casual urine, Creatinine concentration in casual urine, sex, BMI, age (only women), K concentration in casual urine	Na concentration in casual urine, creatinine concentration in casual urine, creatinine reference value	Na concentration in second morning urine, creatinine concentration in second morning urine, creatinine reference value

Key characteristics of study populations which were used to develop equations to estimate daily sodium excretion from spot urine concentrations (casual urine: sampling at any daytime possible, no time frame targeted)
^aRange of the means of included regions

ISSN: 2055-0928