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Table 3 Spearman’s correlation between energy adjusted intake (g/MJ) of vegetables, fruits + berries, juice, as sum of vegetables + fruits + berries + juice and β-carotene against plasma carotenoid concentrations

From: Carotenoids and alkylresorcinols as objective biomarkers of diet quality when assessing the validity of a web-based food record tool and a food frequency questionnaire in a middle-aged population

 

Riksmaten

MiniMeal-Q

V

F + B

J

V + F + J

β-carotene

V

F + B

J

V + F + J

β-carotene

Women n = 94

 α-carotene

0.27*

0.31**

0.16

0.38**

0.36**

0.31**

0.41**

0.04

0.47**

0.50**

 β-carotene

0.22*

0.35**

0.16

0.38**

0.33**

0.21*

0.38**

0.08

0.40**

0.35**

 β-cryptoxanthin

0.24*

0.37**

0.16

0.42**

0.24**

0.21*

0.32**

0.16

0.45**

0.24*

 lycopene

0.25*

0.21*

0.02

0.24*

0.14

0.16

0.25*

−0.07

0.24*

0.04

 lutein + zeaxanthin

0.46**

0.29**

0.10

0.48**

0.13

0.34**

0.17

0.02

0.42**

0.08

 Total carotenoids

0.32**

0.33**

0.14

0.42**

0.28**

0.30**

0.35**

0.04

0.46**

0.31**

 Total carotenoids - lycopene

0.30**

0.38**

0.17

0.46**

0.32**

0.31**

0.39**

0.07

0.50**

0.35**

Men n = 96

 α-carotene

0.23*

−0.04

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.26*

0.11

0.16

0.21*

0.46**

 β-carotene

0.11

−0.12

0.20

0.07

0.07

0.17

0.02

0.25*

0.16

0.29**

 β-cryptoxanthin

0.24*

0.10

0.21*

0.31**

0.23*

0.27**

0.21*

0.25*

0.42**

0.25*

 lycopene

0.09

−0.11

0.00

−0.04

0.05

0.28**

0.05

0.09

0.17

0.26*

 lutein + zeaxanthin

0.19

−0.00

0.06

0.17

0.14

0.25*

0.21*

0.03

0.29**

0.20*

 Total carotenoids

0.21*

−0.06

0.14

0.15

0.14

0.32**

0.12

0.18

0.28**

0.39**

 Total carotenoids - lycopene

0.21*

−0.03

0.20

0.20

0.15

0.27**

0.15

0.22*

0.31**

0.38**

  1. Abbreviations; V, vegetables (e.g. green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, green beans, peppers, green peas, corn, avocado, broccoli, mushrooms, cabbage, cucumber, leek, olives, aubergine, squash, asparagus, cauliflower and carrots); F + B, fruits and berries (both fresh and frozen); J, juice
  2. *significant at P < 0.05
  3. **significant at P < 0.01