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Table 2 Prevalence of symptoms and illnesses according to maternal recall and physical examination by admission criteria

From: Children with moderate acute malnutrition have inflammation not explained by maternal reports of illness and clinical symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso

 

All

Low Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)

Low MUAC and low weight-for-height z-score (WHZ)

Low WHZ

p-value

Maternal recalla, % (n)

 Any symptom

38.0 (608)

34.6 (161)

39.1 (312)

40.2 (135)

0.5

 Fever

20 (322)

17.8 (83)

20.3 (162)

22.9 (77)

0.8

 Diarrhoea

17.9 (286)

14.8 (69)

19.8 (158)

17.6 (59)

0.9

 Cough

9.6 (153)

7.9 (37)

9.5 (76)

11.9 (40)

0.1

 Vomiting

6.8 (109)

4.7 (22)

7.4 (59)

8.3 (28)

0.2

 Skin infections

0.5 (8)

0.4 (2)

0.5 (4)

0.6 (2)

0.9

 Loss of appetite

0.1 (2)

0 (0)

0.1 (1)

0.3 (1)

0.4

Physical examinationa, % (n)

 Any symptom

71.8 (1155)

72.6 (340)

71.9 (578)

74.2 (250)

0.5

 Fever

17.7 (285)

15.6 (73)

17.3 (139)

21.7 (73)

0.1

 Positive malaria test

40.2 (644)

46 (214)

38.8 (310)

35.6 (120)

<0.001

  Without fever

31.8 (509)

38.4 (178)

30.7 (245)

25.6 (86)

<0.001

  With fever

8.4 (135)

7.8 (36)

8.1 (65)

10.1 (34)

0.8

 Upper respiratory tract infection

14.6 (234)

13.5 (63)

15.8 (127)

13.1 (44)

0.3

 Lower respiratory tract infection

23.2 (373)

20.5 (96)

22.4 (180)

28.8 (97)

0.006

 Diarrhoea

5.8 (94)

5.1 (23)

6 (48)

6.5 (22)

0.9

 Skinb

3.9 (63)

4.5 (21)

3.7 (30)

3.6 (12)

0.6

 Earc

1.1 (17)

1.1 (5)

0.9 (7)

1.5 (5)

0.7

Acute phase proteinsa

 Serum C-reactive protein, mg/l,

  Median (interquartile range)

2.3 (0.8–9.4)

    

   > 10 mg/L, % (n)

24.2 (378)

22.7 (103)

24.2 (190)

26.1 (85)

0.06

 Serum α1-acid glycoprotein, g/l,

  Median (interquartile range)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

    

   > 1 g/L, % (n)

66.4 (1039)

62.6 (284)

69.4 (544)

64.7 (211)

0.6

  1. aMissing data: Maternal recall all symptoms (n = 9), fever (n = 1), malaria (n = 8), Upper respiratory tract infection (n = 2), lower respiratory tract infection (n = 1), skin infections (n = 3), ear infections (n = 2), acute phase proteins (n = 45)
  2. bincludes rash, infections, ulcer
  3. cincludes discharge, pain and other