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Table 5 Logistic regression model predicting stunting and low weight children ages 12–59 months

From: Being the younger child in a large African Family: a study of birth order as a risk factor for poor health using the demographic and health surveys for 18 countries

 

Stunted

Low weight

Odds ratio

95 % C.I.

Odds ratio

95 % C.I.

Birth Order (Continuous)

1.08c

[1.04, 1.13]

1.06a

[1.00, 1.11]

Country:

 Burkina Faso

1.29

[0.98, 1.69]

5.06c

[3.22, 7.95]

 Cameroon

1.01

[0.71, 1.43]

2.86c

[1.69, 4.83]

 Cote d’Ivoire

0.81

[0.57, 1.17]

2.15b

[1.22, 3.79]

 Egypt (reference)

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Ghana

0.76

[0.52, 1.12]

2.68c

[1.51, 4.75]

 Kenya

1.74b

[1.22, 2.50]

6.09c

[3.61, 10.29]

 Madagascar

2.65c

[1.88, 3.73]

.

 

 Malawi

2.14c

[1.54, 2.97]

2.62c

[1.49, 4.60]

 Mali

1.25

[0.90, 1.75]

4.38c

[2.67, 7.20]

 Namibia

0.72

[0.44, 1.19]

3.33c

[1.64, 6.75]

 Niger

1.14

[0.83, 1.58]

6.26c

[3.83, 10.23]

 Nigeria

1.26

[0.98, 1.62]

6.64c

[4.30, 10.26]

 Rwanda

2.46c

[1.83, 3.31]

3.35c

[2.03, 5.52]

 Senegal

0.84

[0.58, 1.20]

2.97c

[1.75, 5.03]

 Tanzania

2.13c

[1.61, 2.82]

4.10c

[2.52, 6.67]

 Uganda

1.21

[0.83, 1.78]

2.82c

[1.58, 5.03]

 Zambia

1.49b

[1.15, 1.94]

3.03c

[1.91, 4.79]

 Zimbabwe

1.34

[0.96, 1.87]

2.97c

[1.69, 5.23]

Child Characteristics:

 Male Child Gender

1.22c

[1.09, 1.36]

1.14

[1.00, 1.31]

 Child Currently Being Breastfed

0.97

[0.82, 1.16]

1.31a

[1.05, 1.62]

 Child’s Current Age (Months)

0.995

[0.99, 1.00]

0.9996

[0.99, 1.01]

Maternal Characteristics:

 Age at Child’s Birth (continuous)

1.02

[0.98, 1.06]

1.04

[0.99, 1.09]

 No Formal Education

1.18a

[1.02, 1.36]

1.48c

[1.23, 1.78]

 Not Married or Cohabiting

0.93

[0.74, 1.18]

1.24

[0.86, 1.79]

 Ideal Number of Children (continuous)

1.03b

[1.01, 1.06]

1.05c

[1.02, 1.08]

Household Characteristics:

 Number of Household Members (continuous)

1.01

[0.99, 1.03]

1.02

[1.00, 1.04]

 Rural Resident

1.27b

[1.07, 1.50]

0.87

[0.71, 1.08]

 Poor or Poorest (Wealth Index)

1.67c

[1.47, 1.91]

1.65c

[1.40, 1.95]

  1. Restricted to children ages 12–59 months and a 4+ birth order, whose mothers were 30–34 at child’s birth. Maternal characteristics are at time of survey except for age at child’s birth. Stunted is defined as a height for age below two standard deviations from an established WHO reference mean; Low Weight is defined as a weight for age below two standard deviations from an established WHO reference mean. See http://www.who.int/childgrowth/en/ and http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/stats_popup2.html for more information
  2. aSignificant at .05 level
  3. bSignificant at .01 level
  4. cSignificant at .001 level