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Table 6 Logistic regression model predicting dietary diversity and consumption of fruits/vegetables for children 12–23 months

From: Being the younger child in a large African Family: a study of birth order as a risk factor for poor health using the demographic and health surveys for 18 countries

 

Lack of Dietary Diversity (Less than 4 Food Groups)

No Fruits or Vegetables

Odds ratio

95 % C.I.

Odds ratio

95 % C.I.

Birth Order (Continuous)

1.11a

[1.02, 1.22]

1.09a

[1.02, 1.17]

Country:

 Burkina Faso

30.34c

[14.29, 64.42]

2.53c

[1.60, 3.99]

 Cameroon

2.31b

[1.35, 3.92]

0.52b

[0.31, 0.85]

 Cote d’Ivoire

9.25c

[4.36, 19.62]

2.95c

[1.64, 5.29]

 Egypt (reference)

1.00

-

1.00

-

 Ghana

1.11

[0.56, 2.20]

0.23c

[0.10, 0.52]

 Kenya

2.59a

[1.24, 5.38]

0.29c

[0.14, 0.61]

 Madagascar

3.13c

[1.74, 5.63]

0.31c

[0.18, 0.55]

 Malawi

3.32c

[2.00, 5.51]

0.32c

[0.20, 0.52]

 Mali

3.49c

[1.98, 6.16]

1.51

[0.91, 2.52]

 Namibia

5.19c

[2.55, 10.58]

1.63

[0.86, 3.09]

 Niger

7.07c

[3.80, 13.16]

1.54

[0.90, 2.61]

 Nigeria

4.73c

[2.90, 7.70]

1.17

[0.76, 1.79]

 Rwanda

2.67c

[1.60, 4.45]

0.37c

[0.22, 0.61]

 Senegal

4.74c

[2.56, 8.75]

1.26

[0.76, 2.09]

 Tanzania

9.70c

[4.67, 20.16]

0.39b

[0.22, 0.68]

 Uganda

11.07c

[5.26, 23.31]

0.29c

[0.17, 0.50]

 Zambia

5.08c

[2.95, 8.78]

0.37c

[0.23, 0.61]

 Zimbabwe

5.16c

[2.33, 11.41]

0.63

[0.33, 1.19]

Child Characteristics:

 Male Child Gender

1.07

[0.86, 1.33]

1.09

[0.90, 1.31]

 Child Currently Being Breastfed

1.69c

[1.29, 2.21]

1.16

[0.91, 1.47]

 Child’s Current Age (continuous)

1.02

[0.98, 1.05]

0.97a

[0.94, 1.00]

Maternal Characteristics:

 Age at Child’s Birth (continuous)

0.96

[0.88, 1.04]

0.97

[0.91, 1.03]

 No Formal Education

1.23

[0.91, 1.67]

1.17

[0.93, 1.47]

 Not Married or Cohabiting

0.91

[0.46, 1.79]

1.38

[0.86, 2.21]

 Ideal Number of Children (continuous)

0.99

[0.94, 1.04]

0.99

[0.95, 1.03]

Household Characteristics:

 Number of Household Members (continuous)

0.96b

[0.93, 0.99]

0.97b

[0.94, 0.99]

 Rural Resident

1.25

[0.92, 1.69]

1.06

[0.82, 1.38]

 Poor or Poorest (Wealth Index)

1.73c

[1.32, 2.26]

1.07

[0.86, 1.33]

  1. Includes youngest child of mothers alive in survey year with a child ages 12–23 months; restricted to children in families with 4+ children ever born to surveyed mothers and whose mothers were 30–34 years old at child’s birth. Maternal characteristics are at time of survey except for age at child’s birth. Dietary Diversity is defined as consuming food from fewer than 4 categories in the past 24 h; Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables is defined as not consuming fruits or vegetables in the past 24 h. Both indicators are reported by mother for her youngest child
  2. aSignificant at .05 level
  3. bSignificant at .01 level
  4. cSignificant at .001 level