Fig. 3

Post-beverage performance on the Bakan primary task. Mean change from baseline scores in accuracy (a at top) and omission errors (b at bottom) across time for the primary task of the Bakan dual task in the cocoa + caffeine and cocoa conditions depicting the significant Condition x Time interaction. There was a large standardized difference of 0.94 and a moderate difference of 0.50 at the 98–124 min post-treatment time for accuracy and omission errors, respectively. Thus, caffeinated cocoa increased accuracy and reduced omission errors on the primary task of the Bakan test compared to cocoa alone