Table 1 Cross-classification of types of malnutrition by Socio-demographic factors

Age (in months)

<6

87 (14.2%)

525 (85.8%)

138 (22.6%)

473 (77.4%)

112 (18.3%)

499 (81.7%)

6–8

65 (16.5%)

329 (83.5%)

65 (16.5%)

329 (83.5%)

71 (18.0%)

323 (82.0%)

9–11

100 (22.9%)

337 (77.1%)

89 (20.4%)

348 (79.6%)

110 (25.1%)

328 (74.9%)

12–17

262 (32.3%)

549 (67.7%)

146 (18.0%)

665 (82.0%)

230 (28.4%)

581 (71.6%)

18–23

357 (48.0%)

386 (52.0%)

93 (12.5%)

650 (87.5%)

259 (34.8%)

485 (65.2%)

24–35

574 (40.3%)

849 (59.7%)

190 (13.4%)

1232 (86.6%)

527 (37.0%)

896 (63.0%)

36–47

632 (45.2%)

766 (54.8%)

164 (11.7%)

1233 (88.3%)

521 (37.3%)

876 (62.7%)

48–59

537 (38.7%)

852 (61.3%)

192 (13.8%)

1196 (86.2%)

529 (38.1%)

859 (61.9%)

χ²  = 341.334

df = 7

χ²  = 63.748

df = 7

χ²  = 159.735

df = 7

Sex

Male

1374 (36.6%)

2378 (63.4%)

593 (15.8%)

3159 (84.2%)

1203 (32.1%)

2549 (67.9%)

Female

1240 (35.9%)

2214 (64.1%)

485 (14.0%)

2969 (86.0%)

1156 (33.5%)

2298 (66.5%)

χ²  = 0.403

df = 1

χ²  = 4.395

df = 1

χ²  = 1.613

df = 1

Place of Residence

Urban

554 (30.5%)

1264 (69.5%)

238 (13.1%)

1581 (86.9%)

483 (26.6%)

1335 (73.4%)

Rural

2060 (38.2%)

3328 (61.8%)

841 (15.6%)

4546 (84.4%)

1876 (34.8%)

3512 (65.2%)

χ²  = 35.411

df = 1

χ²  = 6.823

df = 1

χ²  = 42.021

df = 1

Division

Barisal

160 (38.5%)

256 (61.5%)

80 (19.2%)

337 (80.8%)

151 (36.3%)

243 (57.0%)

Chittagong

588 (38.4%)

943 (61.6%)

250 (16.3%)

1282 (83.7%)

546 (35.6%)

1110 (62.3%)

Dhaka

866 (34.2%)

1668 (65.8%)

317 (12.5%)

2216 (87.5%)

728 (28.7%)

1677 (70.6%)

Khulna

156 (28.3%)

395 (71.7%)

80 (14.5%)

471 (85.5%)

145 (26.3%)

457 (62.2%)

Rajshahi

226 (30.2%)

522 (69.8%)

136 (18.2%)

611 (81.8%)

244 (32.6%)

672 (67.2%)

Rangpur

273 (37.8%)

450 (62.2%)

129 (17.8%)

595 (82.2%)

266 (36.7%)

532 (63.9%)

Sylhet

345 (49.1%)

357 (50.9%)

87 (12.4%)

616 (87.6%)

279 (39.7%)

369 (62.3%)

χ²  = 86.690

df = 6

χ²  = 34.564

df = 6

χ²  = 57.872

df = 6

Religion

Muslim

2405 (36.5%)

4188 (63.5%)

999 (15.2%)

5594 (84.8%)

2158 (32.7%)

4435 (67.3%)

Others

209 (34.0%)

405 (66.0%)

80 (13.0%)

534 (87.0%)

201 (32.8%)

412 (67.2%)

χ²  = 1.446

df = 1

χ²  = 1.989

df = 1

χ²  = .001

df = 1

Father’s Education

Primary or below

1763 (43.8%)

2265 (56.2%)

628 (15.6%)

3400 (84.4%)

1558 (38.7%)

2470 (61.3%)

Secondary or Higher

851 (26.8%)

2327 (73.2%)

451 (14.2%)

2727 (85.8%)

801 (25.2%)

2377 (74.8%)

χ²  = 221.848

df = 1

χ²  = 2.733

df = 1

χ²  = 146.479

df = 1

Mother’s Education

Primary or below

1437 (45.0%)

1759 (55.0%)

498 (15.6%)

2699 (84.4%)

1279 (40.0%)

1918 (60.0%)

Secondary or Higher

1177 (29.4%)

2833 (70.6%)

581 (14.5%)

3429 (85.5%)

1080 (26.9%)

2930 (73.1%)

χ²  = 187.495

df = 1

χ²  = 1.655

df = 1

χ²  = 138.083

df = 1

Father’s Occupation

Physical labor

1970 (39.4%)

3030 (60.6%)

767 (15.3%)

4233 (84.7%)

1733 (34.7%)

3267 (65.3%)

Service/business

585 (29.2%)

1418 (70.8%)

289 (14.4%)

1715 (85.6%)

568 (28.3%)

1436 (71.7%)

Others

59 (29.2%)

143 (70.8%)

23 (11.3%)

180 (88.7%)

58 (28.7%)

144 (71.3%)

χ²  = 68.780

df = 2

χ²  = 3.125

df = 2

χ²  = 27.451

df = 2

Mother’s Occupation

Physical labor

725 (42.0%)

1002 (58.0%)

288 (16.7%)

1439 (83.3%)

690 (39.9%)

1038 (60.1%)

Service/business

85 (30.1%)

197 (69.9%)

43 (15.2%)

240 (84.8%)

79 (27.9%)

204 (72.1%)

Others

1804 (34.7%)

3392 (65.3%)

748 (14.4%)

4448 (85.6%)

1591 (30.6%)

3606 (69.4%)

χ²  = 34.347

df = 2

χ²  = 5.307

df = 2

χ²  = 54.232

df = 2

Mother’s BMI (weight/height²)

Under weight

691Z (43.0%)

916 (57.0%)

310 (19.3%)

1297 (80.7%)

722 (44.9%)

885 (55.1%)

Normal weight

1622 (37.9%)

2658 (62.1%)

645 (15.1%)

3635 (84.9%)

1380 (32.2%)

2901 (67.8%)

Overweight/obese

301 (22.8%)

1018 (77.2%)

123 (9.3%)

1196 (90.7%)

257 (19.5%)

1062 (80.5%)

χ²  = 139.600

df = 2

χ²  = 56.650

df = 2

χ²  = 214.179

df = 2

Wealth Index

Poorest

811 (49.6%)

824 (50.4%)

286 (17.5%)

1561 (85.6%)

731 (44.7%)

905 (55.3%)

Poorer

573 (42.2%)

785 (57.8%)

233 (17.2%)

1304 (83.0%)

526 (38.7%)

832 (61.3%)

Middle

523 (36.7%)

904 (63.3%)

190 (13.3%)

1249 (82.6%)

463 (32.5%)

963 (67.5%)

Richer

447 (31.1%)

989 (68.9%)

198 (13.8%)

1249 (83.6%)

395 (27.5%)

1041 (72.5%)

Richest

259 (19.2%)

1091 (80.8%)

172 (12.7%)

1145 (85.3%)

244 (18.1%)

1106 (81.9%)

χ²  = 333.376

df = 4

χ²  = 23.090

df = 4

χ²  = 277.887

df = 4

Source of Drinking Water

Unsafe

278 (35.5%)

504 (64.5%)

120 (15.4%)

661 (84.6%)

253 (32.4%)

528 (67.6%)

Safe

2336 (36.4%)

4089 (63.6%)

959 (14.9%)

5466 (85.1%)

2106 (32.8%)

4319 (67.2%)

χ²  = 0.197

df = 1

χ²  = 0.105

df = 1

χ²  = 0.047

df = 1

Toilet Facility

Hygienic

2167 (35.4%)

3949 (64.6%)

906 (14.8%)

5210 (85.2%)

1955 (32.0%)

4160 (68.0%)

Unhygienic

448 (41.1%)

643 (58.9%)

173 (15.9%)

918 (84.1%)

404 (37.0%)

687 (63.0%)

χ²  = 12.701

df = 1

χ²  = 0.792

df = 1

χ²  = 10.764

df = 1

No. of Living Children

1–2

1655 (33.4%)

3307 (66.6%)

756 (15.2%)

4205 (84.8%)

1507 (30.4%)

3455 (69.6%)

3–11

960 (42.8%)

1285 (57.2%)

323 (14.4%)

1922 (85.6%)

852 (38.0%)

1393 (62.0%)

χ²  = 59.179

df = 1

χ²  = 0.880

df = 1

χ²  = 40.336

df = 1

Birth Order

1–2

1659 (33.6%)

3273 (66.4%)

740 (15.0%)

4192 (85.0%)

1507 (30.6%)

3425 (69.4%)

3 or more

955 (42.0%)

1320 (58.0%)

339 (14.9%)

1935 (85.1%)

852 (37.5%)

1422 (62.5%)

χ²  = 46.854

df = 1

χ²  = 0.011

df = 1

χ²  = 33.763

df = 1