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Table 5 Serum concentrations (mean and 95% CI) of biomarkers by quintiles of dietary pattern scores among girls

From: Associations between dietary patterns and biomarkers of nutrient status and cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents in Germany: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany (KiGGS)

Dietary pattern

‘Western and traditional’

‘Healthy’

Q1 (lowest)

Q3

Q5 (highest)

P

Q1 (lowest)

Q3

Q5 (highest)

P

Folate 1 (ng/ml)a,b

10

10.2

9.4

0.055

9.9

9.4

9.4

0.452

N = 1203

(9.3–10.6)

(9.5–11.0)

(8.6–10.2)

 

(9.1–10.7)

(8.8–10.0)

(8.7–10.1)

 

Folate 2 (ng/ml)a,b

8.0

7.2

5.8

0.017

6.8

7.4

8.6

0.039

N = 714

(7.2–8.7)

(6.7–7.7)

(4.8–6.8)

 

(6.1–7.4)

(6.8–7.9)

(7.0–10.2)

 

Vitamin B12 (ng/l)a,b

520

498

486

0.474

490

500

528

0.385

N = 1920

(496–544)

(477–519)

(453–518)

 

(468–512)

(475–524)

(498–558)

 

Ferritin (μg/l)a,c

34.5

31.6

32.6

0.252

31.5

34.1

35.6

0.092

N = 1992

(31.9–37.2)

(29.6–33.7)

(29.8–35.5)

 

(29.2–33.8)

(31.2–36.9)

(32.2–38.9)

 

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)d,e

113

114

112

0.125

112

114

113

0.255

N = 2024

(112–114)

(113–115)

(111–113)

 

(111–113)

(112–115)

(112–115)

 

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)d,e

68

68.3

67.7

0.757

67.5

67.9

68.3

0.669

N = 2024

(67.1–68.9)

(67.5–69.1)

(66.7–68.6)

 

(66.7–68.3)

(67.2–68.6)

(67.3–69.3)

 

Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)d,f

164

161

164

0.443

165

160

162

0.173

N = 1743

(161–168)

(157–164)

(160–169)

 

(162–169)

(157–163)

(159–166)

 

HDL-C (mg/dl)d,f

58.1

56.9

59

0.355

58.7

58.4

58.2

0.665

N = 1743

(56.8–59.3)

(55.6–58.2)

(57.1–61.0)

 

(57.1–60.2)

(57.0–59.7)

(56.7–59.6)

 

LDL-C (mg/dl)d,f

93.3

91.6

92

0.891

94

89

92.7

0.112

N = 1743

(90.2–98.4)

(88.4–94.8)

(88.1–96.0)

 

(91.0–97.0)

(86.3–91.6)

(89.0–96.3)

 

Homocysteine (μmol/l)a

7.6

7.6

8.1

0.029

8.0

7.5

7.4

0.002

N = 2021

(7.3–7.9)

(7.3–7.9)

(7.7–8.5)

 

(7.7–8.3)

(7.2–7.8)

(7.0–7.8)

 

Uric acid (mg/dl)a

4.4

4.3

4.3

0.586

4.3

4.3

4.4

0.204

N = 2036

(4.2–4.5)

(4.1–4.4)

(4.1–4.5)

 

(4.1–4.4)

(4.1–4.4)

(4.2–4.6)

 

HbA1c (%)a,g

4.8

4.9

4.9

0.391

4.8

4.8

4.8

0.687

N = 2023

(4.8–4.9)

(4.8–4.9)

(4.8–5.0)

 

(4.8–4.9)

(4.8–4.9)

(4.7–4.9)

 
  1. Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, HbA1c Glycohaemoglobin, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol
  2. aadjusted for age (years), hours physical acitivty per week (continuous), smoking status (yes/no), regular alcohol consumption (yes/no), and total energy intake (continous)
  3. bwithout persons with vitamin supplement use
  4. cwithout persons with mineral supplement use
  5. dadjusted for age (years), hours physical acitivty per week (continuous), smoking status (yes/no), regular alcohol consumption (yes/no), and total energy intake (continous) and BMI
  6. ewithout persons with cardiovascular medication
  7. fwithout persons with hormonal contraceptive use
  8. gwithout persons with diabetes or diabetes medication