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Table 3 B-vitamins concentrations of milk samples from lactating mothers in the three cities1,2

From: Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

B-group vitamin

City1: Beijing

City2: Suzhou

City3: Guangzhou

Total

(n = 150)

(n = 146)

(n = 147)

(n = 443)

Thiamine, μg/100 g

 n

134

108

132

374

 Median (IQR)

6.61 (5.21, 7.89) a

4.25 (2.74, 6.38) b

4.40 (3.49, 5.60) b

5.17 (3.54, 6.81)

 Mean ± SD

6.41 ± 1.98

4.90 ± 2.67

4.60 ± 1.52

5.34 ± 2.22

Riboflavin, μg/100 g

 n

150

139

145

434

 Median (IQR)

20.1 (14.5, 25.1) a

12.5 (6.6, 19.3) b

14.8 (9.5, 23.1) c

16.2 (10.0, 23.5)

 Mean ± SD

20.7 ± 8.06

16.7 ± 17.1

17.4 ± 10.4

18.3 ± 12.4

Vitamin B3 3, μg/100 g

 n

150

146

147

443

 Median (IQR)

264.0 (185.8, 349.0) a

212.0 (151.5, 291.8) b

244.0 (179.0, 343.0) a

240.0 (171.0, 322.0)

 Mean ± SD

274.0 ± 124.4

226.4 ± 94.3

295.9 ± 162.9

265.6 ± 133.2

Pantothenic acid, μg/100 g

 n

148

146

143

437

 Median (IQR)

230.0 (184.5, 299.5) a,b

225.0 (174.5, 339.8) a

199.0 (155.0, 282.0) b

223.0 (166.5, 302.0)

 Mean ± SD

245.7 ± 78.7

261.9 ± 121.9

230.1 ± 97.8

245.9 ± 101.6

Vitamin B6 4, μg/100 g

 n

139

132

129

400

 Median (IQR)

8.37 (6.52, 10.90) a

7.27 (4.64, 10.2) b

9.46 (8.22, 13.30) c

8.63 (6.43, 11.00)

 Mean ± SD

9.06 ± 3.37

8.57 ± 6.35

10.89 ± 4.74

9.49 ± 5.04

Biotin, μg/100 g

 n

144

142

141

427

 Median (IQR)

0.585 (0.385, 0.878) a

0.554 (0.325, 0.875) a

0.554 (0.314, 0.846) a

0.568 (0.336, 0.858)

 Mean ± SD

0.749 ± 0.674

0.691 ± 0.585

0.685 ± 0.596

0.709 ± 0.619

Folates, μg/100 g

 n

149

146

147

442

 Median (IQR)

1.790 (1.125, 2.710) a

2.400 (1.190, 3.428) b

2.220 (1.230, 3.420) a,b

2.140 (1.190, 3.143)

 Mean ± SD

1.998 ± 1.226

2.635 ± 1.766

2.446 ± 1.576

2.358 ± 1.557

  1. IQR interquartile range; SD standard deviation
  2. 1 Data were presented as the median (IQR) and mean ± SD
  3. 2 Compared by One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after the ln transformation followed by Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc comparisons
  4. 3 Vitamin B3 = nicotinamide + nicotinic acid
  5. 4 Vitamin B6 = pyridoxine + 0.702pyridoxamine + 0.831pyridoxal
  6. a,b,c Data with the different superscript letters in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05)