Skip to main content

Table 3 Association between metabolic syndrome and sex-specific categories of dietary glycemic index

From: Glycemic index, glycemic load, and metabolic syndrome in Mexican adolescents: a cross-sectional study from the NHNS-2012

 

Dietary glycemic index a

Female adolescents

Male adolescents

Low

Moderate

High

P trend

Low

Moderate

High

P trend

MetS

 Model 1b OR (95% CI)

1

0.92 (0.35–2.40)

1.78 (0.70–4.55)

0.192

1

0.50 (0.15–1.63)

1.21 (0.50–3.19)

0.673

 Model 2c OR (95% CI)

1

0.81 (0.30–2.19)

1.60 (0.62–4.15)

0.275

1

0.56 (0.18–1.77)

1.25 (0.48–3.31)

0.641

Elevated WC

 Model 1b OR (95% CI)

1

1.22 (0.58–2.54)

1.24 (0.70–2.22)

0.486

1

0.84 (0.40–1.74)

1.13 (0.58–2.20)

0.696

 Model 2c OR (95% CI)

1

1.16 (0.56–2.42)

1.33 (0.72–2.45)

0.361

1

0.87 (0.43–1.76)

1.25 (0.64–2.46)

0.513

Elevated triglycerides

 Model 1b OR (95% CI)

1

1.41 (0.64–3.12)

0.98 (0.51–1.88)

0.840

1

0.80 (0.38–1.66)

1.06 (0.53–2.12)

0.850

 Model 2c OR (95% CI)

1

1.25 (0.58–2.68)

0.99 (0.52–1.88)

0.911

1

0.78 (0.35–1.70)

1.15 (0.56–2.35)

0.714

Low HDL-c

 Model 1b OR (95% CI)

1

0.69 (0.37–1.29)

1.65 (0.93–2.94)

0.058

1

1.58 (0.91–2.76)

1.26 (0.76–2.09)

0.396

 Model 2c OR (95% CI)

1

0.67 (0.36–1.26)

1.56 (0.82–2.95)

0.126

1

1.71 (1.00–2.92)

1.29 (0.78–2.13)

0.321

Abnormal blood pressure

 Model 1b OR (95% CI)

1

2.22 (0.76–6.43)

3.66 (1.59–8.39)

0.009

1

0.48 (0.18–1.28)

1.67 (0.82–3.40)

0.139

 Model 2c OR (95% CI)

1

2.02 (0.60–6.75)

3.66 (1.46–9.22)

0.012

1

0.53 (0.20–1.41)

1.66 (0.83–3.32)

0.143

Elevated fasting serum glucose

 Model 1b OR (95% CI)

1

0.71 (0.13–3.76)

0.24 (0.05–1.32)

0.114

1

1.25 (0.23–6.63)

2.30 (0.47–11.22)

0.278

 Model 2c OR (95% CI)

1

1.07 (0.23–5.11)

0.24 (0.05–1.22)

0.068

1

1.21 (0.24–6.17)

2.72 (0.43–17.08)

0.289

  1. Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, CI confidence interval, MetS metabolic syndrome, WC waist circumference, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. aCategories based on sex-specific tertiles of dietary GI. bModel adjusted for age (years). cMultivariate model adjusted for age (years), socioeconomic level (low, middle, or high), geographic region (north, central, south, or metropolitan area) and dietary fiber intake (continuous, energy-adjusted)