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Table 2 Factors influencing CF

From: A systematic review of complementary feeding practices in South Asian infants and young children: the Bangladesh perspective

Family level

Promoters

Study number

Barriers

Study number

Father’s occupation

1 study [6]

Father’s occupation

1 study [6]

Mother with secondary or primary education

7 studies [6, 16, 23, 31, 38, 39, 45]

Mother with poor education

9 studies [6, 21, 23, 35, 36, 38, 39, 45, 41]

Knowledge on appropriate CFP recommendations and benefits

3 studies [14, 32, 36]

Father with poor education

1 study [6]

The practice of responsive feeding; applying the principles of psychosocial care during feeding e.g. strategies to overcome poor child appetite.

1 study [33]

Lack of knowledge of CF

8 studies [14, 24, 26, 32, 35, 40, 42, 46]

Higher number of food groups consumed in maternal diet

2 studies [15, 16]

Maternal death leading to fostering of child

1 study [42]

Education on health nutrition by health workers

1 study [35]

Psychosocial care during feeding, Mothers’ strategies to overcome poor child appetite(e.g. force feed child refusing CF).

3 studies [26, 33, 40]

Mothers produced sufficient milk to feed baby for over 6 months

1 study [35]

Limited engagement of mother with e.g. TV, radio, newspapers.

1 study [6]

Mother engages with media sources; newspapers, radio, TV

1 study [6]

Cultural factors and taboos

3 studies [14, 26, 35]

Child in question is male

2 studies [26, 37]

Family members influence CFP (Lack of support for appropriate CFP, advice, decision making, family dimensions etc.)

3 studies [14, 26, 35]

Child’s taste and behavioural response to appropriate CF given (e.g. perceived preference).

1 study [14]

Higher maternal parity

3 studies [16, 36, 45]

 

Maternal employment

2 studies [24, 36]

Perceived /actual inadequacy of Mother’s breast milk supply to breastfeed for 6 months.

5 studies [14, 24,25,26, 35]

Time allocation of mother to household chores /work reduces time to address CFP

4 studies [14, 24, 32, 36]

Child’s taste and behavioural response to CF given (e.g. refuses/doesn’t cry when certain foods offered)

2 studies [14, 35]

Illness of parent

2 studies [24, 32]

Organisational level

Promoters

Study number

Barriers

Study number

Residence in urban area

2 studies [6, 41]

Residence in rural area

3 studies [6, 45, 41]

Interventions (e.g. health and Nutrition educators) advocating and stimulating families to practice WHO recommendations on CFP

1 study [2]

Bureaucratic policies on IYCF practices and outreach of information on appropriate CFP to public.

1 study [44]

Mother having higher number of antenatal check ups

3 studies [6, 45, 41]

Mothers having no antenatal check-ups

1 study [6]

Higher household food security

2 studies [15, 37]

Living in areas that flood

2 studies [24, 25]

Household wealth index rich or richest

4 studies [6, 37, 45, 46]

Household wealth index poor or poorest.

7 studies [6, 22, 24, 25, 42, 45, 46]

Use of local officials to promote food already in households to be used as CF

1 study [14]

Lower household food security

4 studies [15, 24, 37, 44]

 

Lack of provision of maternity leave

1 study [44]