Table 3 Nutritional and lifestyle characteristics according to SSB consumption
From: Assessment of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight change: a prospective cohort study
Units | Categories of SSB consumption at baseline | P valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never SSB | Low SSB | Moderate SSB | High SSB | |||
Participants | n (%) | 371 (66) | 82 (15) | 91 (16) | 18 (3) | |
SSB consumption 2002 | mean (SD) ml/d | 0 (0) | 103 (42) | 336 (122) | 1008 (259) | <0.001 |
Classified in same SSB category 2002 and 2012 | % | 82 | 20 | 30 | 33 | |
Move to category of greater SSB consumption in 2012 | % | 18 | 21 | 0 | 0 | |
Move to category of lower SSB consumption in 2012 | % | 0 | 60 | 70 | 67 | |
Men | % | 59 | 70 | 84 | 83 | <0.001c |
Age 2002 | mean (SD) years | 47.7 (9.3) | 45.7 (8.9) | 43.3 (10.1) | 36.9 (9.3) | <0.001 |
Smokers 2002 | % | 11 | 16 | 21 | 17 | 0.66c |
Healthy Eating Index 2002 | mean (SD) | 49 (10) | 45 (9) | 40 (9) | 33 (5) | <0.001 |
Mediterranean Diet Score 2002 | mean (SD) | 3.9 (1.5) | 3.9 (1.5) | 3.6 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.2) | 0.03 |
Physical activity level 2002b | mean (SD) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.3) | 0.004 |
Physical activity level 2012b | mean (SD) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | <0.001 |
Physical activity difference 2012 minus 2002b | mean (SD) | −0.03 (0.20) | −0.04 (0.21) | −0.04 (0.27) | 0.09 (0.27) | 0.03 |
Energy consumption 2002 | mean (SD) kcal/d | 2308 (653) | 2429 (635) | 2552 (646) | 3215 (784) | <0.001 |
Energy consumption 2002 without SSB | mean (SD) kcal/d | 2308 (653) | 2384 (635) | 2404 (640) | 2772 (821) | 0.02 |
Energy consumption 2012 | mean (SD) kcal/d | 2186 (640) | 2328 (666) | 2399 (532) | 2781 (592) | <0.001 |
Energy consumption 2012 without SSB | mean (SD) kcal/d | 2186 (640) | 2292 (674) | 2356 (519) | 2605 (599) | 0.003 |
Energy difference 2012 minus 2002 | mean kcal/d | −122 | −101 | −153 | −434 | 0.257 |
Energy difference 2012 minus 2002 without SSB | mean kcal/d | −122 | −91 | −48 | −166 | 0.688 |
Weight 2002 | mean (SD) kg | 72.9 (11.7) | 75.0 (11.3) | 77.2 (13.4) | 74.9 (13.1) | 0.015 |
Weight 2012 | mean (SD) kg | 73.9 (12.2) | 76.3 (11.7) | 78.4 (13.8) | 81.4 (13.4) | 0.008 |
Weight difference 2012 minus 2002 | mean (SD) kg | 1.0 (5.0) | 1.3 (4.5) | 1.2 (4.8) | 6.5 (7.5) | <0.001 |
Subjects who gained weight | n (%) | 176 (47) | 43 (52) | 47 (52) | 15 (83) | |
Subjects with stable weight | n (%) | 80 (22) | 16 (20) | 16 (18) | 2 (11) | |
Subjects who lost weight | n (%) | 115 (31) | 23 (28) | 28 (31) | 1 (6) | |