An examination of whether associations exist between maternal and neonatal 25OHD and infant size and adiposity at birth, 6–9 months and 2–2.5 years of age – a longitudinal observational study from the ROLO study

BMC Nutrition

Table 2 Simple linear regression showing associations between 25OHD (independent variable) and offspring anthropometrics (dependent variables)

Variable	β	SE	P	F	R²
Early pregnancy 25OHD (nmol/L)
Birthweight (g)	−3.85	1.37	0.005	7.88	0.023
Birthweight centile	−0.25	0.08	0.001	11.3	0.036
Birth length (cm)	−0.01	0.01	0.001	2.72	0.007
Birth head circumference (cm)	−0.01	0.01	0.013	6.28	0.037
6 month head circumference for age z-score	−0.01	0.01	0.021	5.44	0.028
2 year weight for age z score	−0.01	0.00	0.019	5.54	0.016
Late pregnancy 25OHD (nmol/L)
Birthweight (g)	−1.26	1.27	0.321	0.99	0.000
Birthweight centile	−0.11	0.07	0.126	2.36	0.005
Birth length (cm)	−0.01	0.01	0.057	3.66	0.011
6 month subscapular SFT:triceps SFT ratio	−0.002	0.00	0.040	4.27	0.022
2 year waist:hip ratio	−0.001	0.00	0.007	7.52	0.027
Neonatal 25OHD (nmol/L)
Birthweight (g)	−4.46	1.18	<0.001	14.2	0.054
Birthweight centile	−0.24	0.06	<0.001	15.2	0.060
Birth length (cm)	−0.02	0.01	0.020	5.52	0.023
Birth abdominal circumference (cm)	−0.02	0.01	0.016	6.05	0.044
Birth thigh circumference (cm)	−0.01	0.01	0.029	4.92	0.035
Birth subscapular SFT (mm)	−0.02	0.01	<0.001	13.7	0.123
Birth biceps SFT (mm)	−0.01	0.01	0.033	4.68	0.039
Birth sum of subscapular and triceps SFT (mm)	−0.03	0.01	0.002	9.97	0.091
Birth subscapular SFT:triceps SFT ratio	−0.002	0.00	0.050	3.94	0.032
Birth sum of SFT (mm)	−0.06	0.02	0.005	8.35	0.076
6 month waist:length ratio	0.00	0.00	0.014	6.19	0.041