Table 1 General characteristics of study subjects, Korea National Health Examination and Nutritional Survey (KNHANES), Phase IV-V, 2008-2011
| Â | Urinary sodium excretion levels (mg/day) | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | <  2300 | 2300-3199 | 3200 ≤ | P-vauleb |
Total population [N = 17,726] | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |  |
Age (years) a | ||||
  ≥ 19 | 1316 (8.1) | 6261 (38.5) | 8673 (53.4) | < 0.01 |
 10 – 18 | 308 (20.9) | 734 (49.7) | 434 (29.4) |  |
Sub-population | ||||
Adults [N = 16,250] | ||||
 Sex | ||||
  Male | 502 (7.2) | 2646 (38.1) | 3788 (54.6) | < 0.01 |
  Female | 814 (8.7) | 3615 (38.8) | 4885 (52.4) |  |
 Monthly household income (KRW) | ||||
   <  1,500,000 | 252 (7.6) | 1148 (34.7) | 1911 (57.7) | < 0.01 |
  1,500,000–2,999,999 | 335 (8.3) | 1499 (37.4) | 2178 (54.3) |  |
  3,000,000–3,999,999 | 352 (8.0) | 1750 (39.6) | 2320 (52.4) |  |
   ≥ 4,000,000 | 363 (8.4) | 1801 (41.5) | 2178 (50.2) |  |
 Education status | ||||
  Below Middle school | 613 (7.0) | 3014 (34.6) | 5087 (58.4) | < 0.01 |
  High school | 238 (7.8) | 1243 (40.7) | 1570 (51.5) |  |
  College | 282 (10.6) | 1187 (44.7) | 1188 (44.7) |  |
  Highr than University | 178 (10.0) | 789 (44.4) | 809 (45.5) |  |
Marital status | ||||
  Married | 980 (6.9) | 5287 (37.3) | 7923 (55.8) | < 0.01 |
  Single | 333 (16.4) | 965 (47.2) | 737 (36.2) |  |
  Others | 3 (15.8) | 8 (42.1) | 8 (42.1) |  |
 Drinking | ||||
  No | 153 (6.5) | 823 (35.0) | 1377 (58.2) | < 0.01 |
  Yes | 1150 (8.3) | 5391 (39.2) | 7224 (52.5) |  |
 Smoking | ||||
  No | 771 (8.1) | 3676 (38.6) | 5064 (53.2) | 0.91 |
  Yes | 531 (8.0) | 2534 (38.4) | 3532 (53.5) |  |
Physical activity | ||||
  No | 877 (8.3) | 4056 (38.4) | 5627 (53.3) | 0.23 |
  Yes | 380 (7.8) | 1941 (39.7) | 2570 (52.5) |  |
 Hypertension | ||||
  No | 931 (8.6) | 4415 (40.9) | 5447 (50.5) | < 0.01 |
  Yes | 385 (7.1) | 1846 (33.8) | 3226 (59.1) |  |
 Diabetes mellitus | ||||
  No | 1138 (8.2) | 5481 (39.6) | 7234 (52.2) | < 0.01 |
  Yes | 178 (7.4) | 780 (32.5) | 1439 (60.0) |  |
|  | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |  |
Diet Water intake (g/day) | 972.8 ± 681.4 | 1002.4 ± 663.4 | 1010.3 ± 670.2 | 0.32 |
Diet Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1894.4 ± 920.3 | 1968.1 ± 869.5 | 2007.4 ± 854.5 | < 0.01 |
Diet Potassium intake (mg/day) | 2910.1 ± 1567.2 | 3050.0 ± 1565.0 | 3180.3 ± 1584.1 | < 0.01 |
Adolescents [N = 1476] | ||||
 Sex | ||||
  Male | 147 (17.7) | 394 (47.3) | 288 (34.7) | < 0.01 |
  Female | 161 (24.9) | 340 (52.5) | 146 (22.6) |  |
 Physical activity | ||||
  No | 83 (20.7) | 198 (49.4) | 120 (29.9) | 0.19 |
  Yes | 97 (16.8) | 281 (48.8) | 198 (24.4) |  |
 Hypertension | ||||
  No | 308 (21.0) | 731 (49.9) | 426 (29.1) | < 0.01 |
  Yes | 0 (0) | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) |  |
 Diabetes mellitus | ||||
  No | 283 (21.1) | 667 (49.7) | 391 (29.2) | 0.70 |
  Yes | 25 (18.5) | 67 (49.6) | 43 (31.8) |  |
|  | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |  |
Diet Water intake (g/day) | 854.6 ± 497.4 | 858.9 ± 464.1 | 941.8 ± 547.6 | 0.01 |
Diet Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2123.3 ± 892.8 | 2109.4 ± 797.9 | 2392.2 ± 965.4 | < 0.01 |
Diet Potassium intake (mg/day) | 2542.6 ± 1385.7 | 2586.9 ± 1198.4 | 2966.9 ± 1436.9 | < 0.01 |