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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants of each ethnic subgroup by diabetes status

From: Relationship of serum Vitamin D concentrations with Adipokines and Cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic black type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Haitian Americans

African Americans

without T2D

(n = 102)

with T2D

(n = 95)

P-value

without T2D

(n = 103)

with T2D

(n = 97)

P-value

Age (years)

54.1 ± 10.6

58.3 ± 9.9

0.005

51.1 ± 8.3

54.6 ± 10.1

0.008

Gender F (%)

51 (50.0)

51 (53.7)

0.605

51 (49.5)

47 (48.5)

0.881

Smoke n (%)

6 (5.9)

5 (5.3)

0.850

45 (43.7)

36 (37.1)

0.344

Energy intake kcal (kcal/d)

2042.0 ± 1205.0

1589.2 ± 968.9

0.004

2843.6 ± 1971.6

2106.1 ± 1341.1

0.002

BMI (kg/m2)

29.2 ± 5.1

29.1 ± 4.4

0.875

30.9 ± 6.0

35.4 ± 8.2

< 0.001

Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) (%)

41 (40.2)

41 (43.2)

0.673

56 (54.4)

72 (74.2)

0.030

WC (cm)

96.8 ± 12.8

99.2 ± 11.4

0.172

101.4 ± 14.0

113.9 ± 17.2

< 0.001

HbA1C (%)

6.1 ± .8

8.4 ± 2.6

< 0.001

5.9 ± .5

7.7 ± 2.0

< 0.001

log HOMA2-IR

0.2 ± .5

0.1 ± .6

0.432

0.3 ± .7

0.5 ± .7

0.030

HOMA2-IS

95.7 ± 51.7

102.5 ± 53.4

0.367

91.2 ± 54.8

74.7 ± 44.7

0.021

TC (mg/dL)

199.1 ± 42.5

188.3 ± 39.1

0.067

192.4 ± 40.0

186.0 ± 40.6

0.265

LDL-c (mg/dL)

125.3 ± 40.6

113.6 ± 33.0

0.029

117.5 ± 36.8

111.1 ± 37.9

0.226

HDL-c (mg/dL)

52.0 ± 14.1

54.0 ± 15.4

0.337

51.6 ± 13.9

49.4 ± 13.5

0.262

TG (mg/dL)

108.8 ± 64.6

103.3 ± 52.3

0.515

116.4 ± 57.3

127.6 ± 65.0

0.200

SBP (mmHg)

145.6 ± 24.2

146.3 ± 26.2

0.840

133.6 ± 17.8

141.4 ± 19.3

0.003

DBP (mmHg)

90.7 ± 12.4

89.9 ± 13.9

0.686

88.8 ± 13.0

89.5 ± 11.3

0.667

log Leptin (pg/mL)

9.8 ± .9

9.7 ± 1.2

0.221

9.9 ± 1.0

10.1 ± .8

0.157

IL-6 (pg/mL)

4.4 ± 6.7

5.9 ± 8.9

0.168

7.5 ± 5.6

10.9 ± 16.7

0.049

Adiponectin (ng/mL)

17.1 ± 10.8

16.6 ± 9.8

0.745

22.8 ± 12.8

27.7 ± 18.5

0.032

Vitamin D intake (IU/d)

405.5 ± 387.3

321.3 ± 284.9

0.085

584.9 ± 470.5

440.5 ± 361.7

0.016

25(OH)D (nmol/L)

53.7 ± 16.3

56.8 ± 21.3

0.255

59.9 ± 24.4

48.8 ± 23.1

0.001

  1. Data were expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: T2D type 2 diabetes; BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; HbA1C hemoglobin A1C; HOMA2-IR homeostasis model assessment version 2 of insulin resistance; HOMA2-IS homeostasis model assessment version 2 of insulin sensitivity; TC total cholesterol; LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; IL-6 interleukin 6; 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D. P-value is significant at < 0.05.
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BMC Nutrition

ISSN: 2055-0928

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