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Table 1 Prevalence of stunting in children under five by characteristics of children (n = 4937)

From: Factors associated with stunting among children below five years of age in Zambia: evidence from the 2014 Zambia demographic and health survey

Characteristics

Children with stunting

Children without stunting

p- value

Sex of Child

 Male

2626 (42.4)

3562 (57.6)

< 0.001

 Female

2311 (37.6)

3828 (62.4)

Age of Mother (years)

 15–19

343 (43.9)

438 (56.1)

0.146

 20–24

1200 (41.8)

1531 (58.2)

 25–29

1154 (39.4)

1777 (60.6)

 30–34

944 (39.4)

1453 (60.6)

 35–39

601 (37.9)

984 (62.1)

 40–44

308 (38.5)

491 (61.5)

 45–49

65 (35.1)

119 (64.9)

Mother’s Level of Education

 No Education

585 (44.1)

725 (55.4)

< 0.001

 Primary (grade 1–7)

2738 (42.0)

3780 (58.0)

 Secondary (grade 8–12)

1230 (36.9)

2104 (63.1)

 Higher (college or university)

74 (18.1)

333 (81.9)

Residence

 Urban

1491 (36.0)

2649 (64.0)

< 0.001

 Rural

3447 (42.1)

4741 (57.9)

Wealth Status

 Poor

2566 (44.6)

3192 (55.4)

< 0.001

 Middle

1047 (40.2)

1557 (59.8)

 Rich

1325 (33.4)

2641 (66.6)

Source of Drinking Water

 Improved

2459 (37)

4125 (63)

< 0.001

 Non-improved

1958 (44)

2519 (56)

Place of Delivery

 Home

1572 (44.1)

1996 (55.9)

< 0.001

 Government/public sector

2687 (38)

4391 (62.0)

 Private mission Hospital

196 (36.8)

336 (63.2)

 Other

49 (44.0)

603 (56.0)

Type of delivery assistance

 Health Professional

2726 (37.7)

4507 (62.3)

< 0.001

 TBA

842 (44.1)

1068 (55.9)

 Relative or Other

762(43.5)

989 (56.5)

 No One

170 (45.1)

207 (54.9)

Duration of Breastfeeding (months)

 0–6

78 (47.1)

87 (52.9)

< 0.001

 7–12

212 (40.2)

315 (59.8)

 13–18

955 (40.9)

1381 (59.1)

 19–47

1711 (43.3)

2242 (56.7)

 Never Breast fed

1777 (43.3)

2324 (56.7)

 Still Breastfeeding

1415 (35.0)

2622 (65.0)

U5 children in H/H

 1 or 2

3794 (39.8)

5741 (60.2)

0.3937

 3–5

1060 (40.6)

1550 (59.4)

 6+

33 (53.3)

29 (46.7)

Child’s age (months)

 < 6

141(13.6)

891(86.4)

< 0.001

 6–11

380(31.9)

811(68.1)

 13–23

1212(48.4)

1294 (51.6)

 24–35

1249(51)

1201(49)

 36–47

1038(41.6)

1459(58.4)

 48–59

919 (34.6)

1734(65.4)