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Table 2 Crude and adjusted measures of the effect of independent variables on stunting in children aged 0–59 months

From: Factors associated with stunting among children below five years of age in Zambia: evidence from the 2014 Zambia demographic and health survey

Characteristics

Crude OR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

Sex of Child

 Male

1

1

 Female

0.85 (0.78–0.92)*

0.80 (0.73, 0.88)*

Age of Mother (years)

 15–19

1

1

 20–24

0.95 (0.79–1.12)

0.83 (0.69–1.00)

 25–29

0.85 (0.71–1.02)

0.73 (0.60–0.89)

 30–34

0.86 (0.72–1.04)

0.73 (0.60–0.89)

 35–39

0.80 (0.66–0.98)*

0.64 (0.52–0.80)*

 40–44

0.85 (0.68–1.05)

0.65 (0.51–0.83)*

 45–49

0.74 (0.50–1.09)

0.60(0.40–91)

Mother’s Level of Education

 No Education (

1

1

 Primary (grade 1–7)

0.93 (0.8–1.08)

0.93(0.79–1.10)

 Secondary (grade 8–12)

0.74 (0.63–0.87)*

0.84 (0.70–1.02)

 Higher (college and university)

0.26 (0.18–0.38)*

0.35 (0.23–0.55)*

Residence

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

1.32 (1.18–1.47)*

0.78 (0.68–0.92)*

Wealth Index

 Poor

1

1

 Middle

0.84 (0.75–0.95)*

0.84(0.74–0.96)

 Rich

0.61 (0.54–0.69)*

0.69(0.57–0.82)*

Source of Drinking Water

 Improved

1

 

 Non-improved

1.31 (1.19–1.44)*

1.13 (1.02–1.26)

Place of Delivery

 Home

1

1

 Gov public sector

0.77 (0.7–0.85)*

0.88 (0.68–1.15)

 Private mission Hospital

0.71 (0.57–0.88)

0.84 (0.60–1.17)

 Other

0.96 (0.63–1.47)

0.94 (0.60–1.48)

Type of delivery assistance

 Health Professional

1

1

 TBA

1.31 (1.16–1.48)*

0.98 (0.77–1.25)

 Relative or Other

1.29 (1.14–1.46)*

0.98 (0.74–1.32)

 No One

1.30 (1.03–1.65)

1.04 (0.72–1.51)

Duration of Breastfeeding (months)

 0–6

1

1

 7–12

0.75 (0.51–1.12)

0.67 (0.44–1.01)

 13–18

0.77 (0.52–1.12)

0.65 (0.44–0.96)

 19–47

0.86 (0.59–1.28)

0.69 (0.46–1.04)

Never Breast fed

0.86 (0.59–1.28)

0.97 (0.55–1.70)

 Still breastfeeding

0.60 (0.41–0.89)

0.65 (0.42–1.00)

U5 children in H/H

 1 or 2

1

1

 3–5

1.04 (0.94–1.17)

1.1 (0.96–1.22)

 6+

1.45(0.67–3.13)

1.71(0.79–3.71)

Child age (months)

 < 6

1

1

 6–11

2.22 (1.63–3.01)*

3.22 (2.44–4.25)*

 13–23

4.31 (3.2–5.8)*

4.52 (5.03–8.84)*

 24–35

5.16 (4.04–6.61*)

5.88 (5.26–9.75)*

 36–47

7.84 (6.09–10.1)*

8.97 (3.76–7.20)*

 48–59

6.85 (5.42–8.65)*

8.3 (2.76–5.18)*