Characteristics | Pre-lacteal feeds | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Â | |||
N (%) | N (%) | ||||
Place of residence | |||||
 Urban | 35 (38.9%) | 282 (51.8%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Rural | 55 (61.1%) | 262 (48.2%) | 1.69 (1.07, 2.66)a | 0.62 (0.31, 1.25) | 0.18 |
Religion | |||||
 Christian | 86 (95.5%) | 465 (85.5%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Muslim | 4 (4.5%) | 79 (14.5%) | 0.40(0.14, 1.14) | 0.63 (0.18, 2.16) | 0.46 |
Age of mother (year) | |||||
  < 25 | 17 (18.9%) | 91 (16.8%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 25–35 | 52 (57.8%) | 301 (55.3%) | 0.92 (0.51, 1.67) | 1.67 (0.77, 3.60) | 0.187 |
  > 35 | 21 (33.3%) | 152 (27.9%) | 0.74 (0.37, 1.47) | 1.15 (0.48, 2.77) | 0.741 |
Educational status of mother | |||||
 Unable to read and write | 33 (30.3%) | 130 (23.8%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Read and write | 23 (31.7%) | 157 (28.9%) | 0.57 (0.32, 1.03) | 0.46 (0.22, 0.98) | 0.044 |
 Elementary school completed | 18 (15.6%) | 87 (16.0%) | 0.81 (0.43, 1.53) | 1.53 (0.65, 3.61) | 0.325 |
 High school completed | 9 (14.5%) | 94 (17.3%) | 0.37 (0.17, 0.82)a | 1.51 (0.50, 4.56) | 0.460 |
 Graduate | 7 (7.8%) | 76 (14.0%) | 0.36 (0.15, 0.86)a | 2.14 (0.53, 8.64) | 0.282 |
Educational status of husband | |||||
 Unable to read and write | 17 (18.8%) | 43 (7.9%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Read and write | 36 (40.3%) | 137 (25.2%) | 0.66 (0.34, 1.30) | 1.77 (0.71, 4.41) | 0.218 |
 Elementary school completed | 14 (15.5%) | 92 (17.0%) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.85)a | 0.85 (0.30, 2.45) | 0.773 |
 High school completed | 10 (11.1%) | 112 (20.6%) | 0.22 (0.09, 0.53)a | 1.00 (0.30, 3.26) | 0.997 |
 Graduate | 13 (14.4%) | 160 (29.4%) | 0.20 (0.09, 0.45)a | 1.14 (0.30, 4.30) | 0.847 |
Current work status of mothers | |||||
 Housewife | 12 (13.3%) | 113 (20.7%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Working/employed | 17 (18.8%) | 231 (42.5%) | 0.93 (0.32, 1.50) | 0.62 (0.22, 1.69) | 0.352 |
 Farmer | 61 (67.7%) | 200 (36.7%) | 2.87 (1.48, 5.56)a | 4.33 (1.73, 10.81) | 0.002 |
Household income | |||||
 Less than 30USD | 38 (42.2%) | 179 (33.06%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 30–60 USD | 29 (32.2%) | 146 (26.8%) | 0.93 (0.55, 1.59) | 1.28 (0.65, 2.50) | 0.468 |
 Greater than 60 USD | 23 (25.69%) | 219 (40.2%) | 0.49 (0.28, 0.86)a | 1.19 (0.52, 2.70) | 0.678 |
Counselled on Infant feeding | |||||
 Yes | 57 (63.3%) | 467 (85.8%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 No | 33 (36.6%) | 77 (14.2%) | 3.51 (2.14, 5.74)a | 1.60 (0.85, 3.01) | 0.143 |
Place of delivery | |||||
 Health Institution | 50 (55.5%) | 485 (89.1%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Home | 40 (44.5%) | 59 (10.9%) | 6.57 (4.00, 10.79)a | 4.70 (2.56, 8.60) | 0.000 |
Breastfeeding initiation time | |||||
 Less or equal to 1 h | 441 (76.3%) | 33 (36.7%) | 1 | 1 |  |
 Greater than 1 h | 129 (23.7%) | 57 (63.3%) | 5.57 (3.46, 8.90)a | 5.58 (3.21, 9.69) | 0.000 |