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Table 5 Predicators of child undernutrition, EDHS 2011

From: Maternal undernutrition as proxy indicators of their offspring’s undernutrition: evidence from 2011 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

Variables

Stunting

Underweight

Wasting

 

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Child’s sex

 Male

1.13 (1.03, 1.23) *

1.14 (1.04, 1.26) *

1.21 (1.10, 1.33) **

1.23 (1.12, 1.36) **

1.34 (1.17, 1.53) **

1.36 (1.18, 1.55) **

 Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Child’s age in months

 0–11

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 12–23

4.81 (4.09, 5.65) **

4.93 (4.18, 5.82) **

2.28 (1.95, 2.69) **

2.28 (1.93, 2.69) **

0.92 (0.77, 1.09)

0.87 (0.72, 1.04)

 24–35

7.35 (6.24, 8.66) **

7.83 (6.61, 9.27) **

2.84 (2.42, 3.33) **

2.97 (2.52, 3.51) **

0.52 (0.42, 0.63) **

0.50 (0.40, 0.62) **

 36–47

7.00 (5.97, 8.21) **

7.10 (6.03, 8.36) **

2.52 (2.15, 2.94) **

2.46 (2.10, 2.89) **

0.40 (0.32, 0.49) **

0.37 (0.30, 0.46) **

 48–59

5.30 (4.51, 6.23) **

5.51 (4.67, 6.50) **

2.35 (2.01, 2.75) **

2.33 (1.98, 2.75) **

0.45 (0.37, 0.56) **

0.42 (0.34, 0.52) **

Maternal BMI

  < 18.5 kg/m2

1.21 (1.10, 1.34) **

1.09 (0.98, 1.21)

1.83 (1.66, 2.03) **

1.68 (1.52, 1.87) **

2.00 (1.75, 2.29) **

1.90 (1.65, 2.19) **

  ≥ 18.5 kg/m2

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Maternal height

  < 145 cm

2.30 (1.70, 3.12) **

2.52 (1.81, 3.51) **

1.91 (1.41, 2.58) **

1.99 (1.45, 2.72) **

1.06 (0.67, 1.66)

1.07 (0.67, 1.69)

  ≥ 145 cm

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Maternal age

 15–19

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 20–24

1.42 (1.11, 1.82) *

1.23 (0.94, 1.61)

1.14 (0.87, 1.49)

1.11 (0.84, 1.47)

0.85 (0.61, 1.19)

1.07 (0.75, 1.51)

 25–29

1.57 (1.24, 1.99) **

1.22 (0.94, 1.60)

1.31 (1.01, 1.69) *

1.19 (0.90, 1.57)

0.81 (0.58, 1.12)

1.07 (0.76, 1.50)

 30–34

 35–39

1.72 (1.35, 2.20) **

1.71 (1.33, 2.20) **

1.26 (0.96, 1.65)

1.16 (0.88, 1.53)

1.49 (1.14, 1.94) *

1.37 (1.04, 1.79) *

1.25 (0.94, 1.65)

1.09 (0.82,1.46)

0.89 (0.64, 1.24)

0.78 (0.55, 1.10)

1.12 (0.79, 1.60)

1.01 (0.70, 1.45)

 40–44

2.12 (1.61, 2.81) **

1.27 (0.93, 1.73)

1.85 (1.37, 2.49) **

1.36 (0.99, 1.87) *

1.04 (0.71, 1.52)

1.40 (0.94, 2.09)

 45–49

1.50 (1.04, 2.17) *

0.78 (0.53, 1.15)

1.07 (0.71, 1.61)

0.71 (0.46, 1.08)

0.58 (0.32, 1.05)

0.79 (0.43, 1.46)

Maternal education

 No education

4.95 (3.08, 7.96) **

3.00 (1.82, 4.95) **

11.1 (4.93, 25.4) **

5.33 (2.31, 12.3) **

2.57 (1.26, 5.27) *

1.62 (0.76, 3.45)

 Primary

3.57 (2.21, 5.77) **

2.58 (1.56, 4.26) **

7.15 (3.14, 16.3) **

4.20 (1.82, 9.68) *

1.88 (0.91, 3.89)

1.27 (0.60, 2.69)

 Secondary

1.71 (0.99, 2.96)

1.82 (1.03, 3.19) *

2.88 (1.18, 7.07) *

2.62 (1.06, 6.48) *

0.87 (0.36, 2.13)

0.68 (0.28, 1.70)

 Higher

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Maternal parity

  1

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  2

0.99 (0.90, 1.08)

0.91 (0.82, 1.01) *

1.09 (0.99, 1.21)

0.96 (0.86, 1.07)

1.13 (0.98, 1.30)

1.00 (0.86, 1.16)

  ≥ 3

0.80 (0.70, .92) *

0.74 (0.63 0.86) **

0.93 (0.80, 1.08)

0.84 (0.72, 0.99) *

0.95 (0.77, 1.18)

0.90 (0.72, 1.13)

Place of residence

 Urban

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Rural

2.16 (1.90, 2.45) **

1.37 (1.12, 1.68) *

2.48 (2.12,2.88) **

1.20 (0.95, 1.51)

1.61 (1.31, 1.97) **

0.82 (0.60, 1.11)

Household wealth index

 Poorest

2.26 (1.97, 2.59) **

1.70 (1.38, 2.10) **

3.29 (2.80, 3.88) **

2.23 (1.76, 2.82) **

2.58 (2.07, 3.23) **

2.23 (1.60, 3.10) **

 Poor

2.50 (2.15, 2.91) **

1.89 (1.51, 2.35) **

3.00 (2.51, 3.58) **

2.10 (1.64,2.69) **

1.86 (1.45, 2.39) **

1.72 (1.21, 2.43) *

 Middle

2.12 (1.81, 2.47) **

1.59 (1.28, 1.99) **

2.59 (2.16, 3.11) **

1.86 (1.45, 2.39) **

1.70 (1.32, 2.20) **

1.60 (1.12, 2.28) *

 Richer

1.98 (1.70, 2.32) **

1.45 (1.17, 1.80) **

1.98 (1.64, 2.38) **

1.42 (1.12, 1.81) *

1.42 (1.09, 1.85) **

1.39 (0.98, 1.95)

 Richest

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  1. *P < 0.05
  2. **P < 0.001