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Table 1 Stunting trend by residence, mother’s education, wealth quintile, development and ecological regions

From: Trends and inequalities in stunting in Nepal: a secondary data analysis of four Nepal demographic health surveys from 2001 to 2016

Characteristics

2001

95%CI

2006

95%CI

2011

95%CI

2016

95%CI

n

%

(Lower-Upper)

n

%

(Lower-Upper)

n

%

(Lower-Upper)

n

%

(Lower-Upper)

Type of place of residence

Rural

3503

58.23

57.02–59.43

2362

51.10

49.74–52.45

948

41.82

39.88–43.76

459

40.19

38.24–42.15

Urban

182

42.74

41.53–43.94

231

36.30

35.00–37.60

58

26.69

24.95–28.43

409

31.98

30.12–33.83

Mother’s education

No education

2836

61.46

60.27–62.65

1771

57.72

56.39–59.06

549

47.64

45.67–49.60

378

45.72

43.74–47.71

Primary

452

50.50

49.28–51.72

426

46.27

44.92–47.62

195

40.56

38.63–42.49

174

36.74

34.82–38.66

Secondary

224

41.74

40.54–42.95

294

29.68

28.44–30.91

203

30.63

28.82–32.44

225

29.98

28.16–31.81

Higher

78

34.80

33.63–35.96

19

15.98

14.99–16.97

29

22.83

21.18–24.48

67

21.10

19.48–22.73

Wealth quintiles

 Poorest

1096

67.62

66.48–68.76

812

61.60

60.28–62.91

549

55.97

54.01–57.92

244

49.21

47.22–51.20

 Poorer

863

61.26

60.07–62.45

614

54.85

53.51–56.20

195

45.70

43.74–47.66

204

38.69

36.75–40.63

 Middle

700

54.29

53.07–55.51

541

50.35

49.00–51.70

203

34.54

32.67–36.41

196

35.69

33.78–37.60

 Richer

639

53.06

51.84–54.28

382

39.77

38.45–41.09

29

30.52

28.71–32.33

170

32.43

30.57–34.30

 Richest

387

42.11

40.91–43.32

243

31.01

29.75–32.26

86

25.80

24.08–27.52

53

16.47

14.99–17.95

Development region

 Eastern

759

50.84

49.62–52.06

467

40.25

38.92–41.57

221

36.97

35.07–38.87

177

32.59

30.73–34.46

 Central

1233

58.47

57.27–59.68

854

50.05

48.7–51.4.00

294

38.20

36.29–40.11

301

34.68

32.78–36.57

 Western

690

57.49

56.28–58.70

492

50.43

49.08–51.78

174

37.40

35.49–39.30

174

37.46

35.53–39.39

 Mid-western

603

62.00

60.82–63.19

383

57.93

56.59–59.26

188

50.32

48.36–52.29

140

41.96

39.99–43.92

 Far-western

399

59.93

58.73–61.12

397

52.54

51.20–53.89

129

46.42

44.46–48.38

76

35.87

33.96–37.78

Ecological zone

 Mountain

324

66.31

65.16–67.47

279

62.31

61.00–63.62

104

52.90

50.94–54.86

80

46.79

44.81–48.78

 Hill

1609

59.77

58.57–60.97

1089

50.37

49.02–51.72

417

42.08

40.14–44.02

283

32.34

30.47–34.20

 Terai

1752

53.72

52.50–54.93

1225

46.24

44.90–47.59

485

37.42

35.51–39.32

505

36.73

34.81–38.65

  1. “n” referred to frequency of “stunted children” under 5 years only. Children who slept in the household the night before the survey and who have complete information on date of birth were selected for analysis for the year 2001, 2006 and 2011. For 2016, children who slept in the household the night before the survey only were selected. Data weighted according to DHS recommendations [13]