Table 2 Association between stunting and residence, region, mother’s education and socio-economic status

Type of place of residence

P < 0.001

P = 0.219

P < 0.001

P = 0.384

P < 0.001

P = 0.183

P = 0.001

P = 0.572

Rural

1.87 (1.58,2.2)

1.13 (0.93,1.36)

1.83 (1.52,2.2)

1.1 (0.89,1.37)

1.97 (1.53,2.55)

1.24 (0.9,1.69)

1.43 (1.16,1.77)

1.06 (0.86,1.32)

Urban

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Mother’s education

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.116

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

No education

2.99 (2.26,3.95)

2.27 (1.7,3.05)

7.18 (3.75,13.73)

5.22 (2.54,10.74)

3.08 (1.74,5.43)

1.81 (0.92,3.55)

3.15 (2.22,4.46)

1.92 (1.28,2.89)

Primary

1.91 (1.37,2.67)

1.54 (1.09,2.17)

4.53 (2.35,8.74)

3.54 (1.73,7.23)

2.31 (1.25,4.27)

1.55 (0.77,3.12)

2.17 (1.51,3.12)

1.34 (0.91,1.98)

Secondary

1.34 (0.97,1.86)

1.23 (0.88,1.72)

2.22 (1.15,4.28)

1.99 (0.97,4.07)

1.49 (0.81,2.73)

1.27 (0.66,2.42)

1.6 (1.13,2.26)

1.25 (0.86,1.81)

Higher

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Wealth Quintiles

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.083

Poorest

2.87 (2.37,3.48)

1.9 (1.55,2.33)

3.57 (2.84,4.49)

1.87 (1.36,2.58)

3.65 (2.58,5.18)

2.47 (1.51,4.02)

4.91 (3.39,7.12)

4.18 (2.6,6.71)

Poorer

2.17 (1.83,2.58)

1.43 (1.18,1.74)

2.7 (2.22,3.3)

1.67 (1.3,2.13)

2.42 (1.68,3.5)

1.7 (1.04,2.78)

3.2 (2.19,4.67)

2.6 (1.66,4.07)

Middle

1.63 (1.38,1.94)

1.14 (0.95,1.36)

2.26 (1.76,2.89)

1.54 (1.17,2.02)

1.52 (1,2.31)

1.15 (0.71,1.88)

2.81 (1.9,4.17)

1.99 (1.28,3.1)

Richer

1.55 (1.31,1.84)

1.16 (0.97,1.39)

1.47 (1.19,1.82)

1.15 (0.9,1.46)

1.26 (0.85,1.88)

1.05 (0.69,1.6)

2.43 (1.64,3.6)

1.82 (1.14,2.89)

Richest

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Development regions

P < 0.001

P = 0.011

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.009

P = 0.630

P = 0.214

P = 0.014

Central

1.36 (1.12,1.66)

1.33 (1.11,1.59)

1.49 (1.14,1.94)

1.51 (1.2,1.89)

1.05 (0.75,1.48)

0.99 (0.68,1.45)

1.1 (0.85,1.42)

1.11 (0.84,1.45)

Western

1.31 (1.03,1.67)

1.45 (1.14,1.83)

1.51 (1.17,1.95)

1.76 (1.38,2.25)

1.02 (0.7,1.47)

1.04 (0.7,1.54)

1.24 (0.87,1.77)

1.5 (1.06,2.11)

Mid-western

1.58 (1.28,1.94)

1.26 (1,1.57)

2.04 (1.59,2.63)

1.71 (1.33,2.19)

1.73 (1.18,2.54)

1.28 (0.87,1.87)

1.49 (1.06,2.1)

1.3 (0.91,1.85)

Far-western

1.45 (1.14,1.84)

1.13 (0.86,1.49)

1.64 (1.28,2.11)

1.26 (1.01,1.56)

1.48 (1.02,2.14)

1.11 (0.74,1.66)

1.16 (0.83,1.62)

0.91 (0.64,1.29)

Eastern

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Ecological zones

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.012

P < 0.001

P = 0.167

P = 0.005

P = 0.003

Mountain

1.7 (1.42,2.03)

1.47 (1.22,1.76)

1.92 (1.5,2.47)

1.55 (1.16,2.08)

1.88 (1.4,2.52)

1.2 (0.87,1.66)

1.51 (1.07,2.15)

0.98 (0.65,1.47)

Hill

1.28 (1.08,1.51)

1.18 (1,1.38)

1.18 (0.96,1.44)

1.2 (0.98,1.45)

1.22 (0.96,1.55)

0.91 (0.7,1.2)

0.82 (0.66,1.03)

0.67 (0.5,0.89)

Terai

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1