Impact of lunch provision on anthropometry, hemoglobin, and micronutrient status of female Cambodian garment workers: exploratory randomized controlled trial

Makurat, Jan; Becker, Natalie; Wieringa, Frank T.; Chamnan, Chhoun; Krawinkel, Michael B.

doi:10.1186/s40795-019-0297-4

Table 3 Nutritional status, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies at baseline and 5 months (follow-up) in female Cambodian garment workers by group^a

From: Impact of lunch provision on anthropometry, hemoglobin, and micronutrient status of female Cambodian garment workers: exploratory randomized controlled trial

	Group
	Intervention	Control
Underweight^b (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²)
Baseline	29/86 (34)	25/86 (29)
At 5 months	25/86 (29)	23/86 (27)
Normal^c (BMI ≥18.5 and < 25.0 kg/m²)
Baseline	54/86 (63)	58/86 (67)
At 5 months	57/86 (66)	60/86 (70)
Overweight (BMI ≥25.0 and < 30.0 kg/m²)
Baseline	3/86 (3)	3/86 (3)
At 5 months	4/86 (5)	3/86 (3)
Anemia^{d, e} (Hb < 12.0 g/dL)
Baseline	19/85 (22)	23/85 (27)
At 5 months	19/85 (22)	22/86 (26)
Iron deficiency^f (FER^g < 15 μg/L)
Baseline	15/84 (18)	21/84 (25)
At 5 months	17/85 (20)	13/86 (15)
Marginal iron stores^f (FER^g ≥ 15 and < 50 μg/L)
Baseline	49/84 (58)	35/84 (42)
At 5 months	48/85 (56)	46/86 (54)
Tissue iron deficiency^f (sTfR > 8.3 mg/L)
Baseline	7/84 (8)	10/84 (12)
At 5 months	5/85 (6)	11/86 (13)
Iron deficiency anemia^f (Hb < 12.0 g/dL and FER^g < 15 μg/L)
Baseline	8/84 (10)	12/84 (14)
At 5 months	8/85 (9)	9/86 (10)
Vitamin A deficiency^f (RBP^g < 0.70 μmol/L)
Baseline	0/84 (0)	0/84 (0)
At 5 months	0/85 (0)	0/86 (0)
Marginal vitamin A deficiency^f (RBP^g ≥ 0.70 and < 1.05 μmol/L)
Baseline	7/84 (8)	3/84 (4)
At 5 months	8/85 (9)	7/86 (8)
Folate deficiency^h (< 3 ng/mL)
Baseline	0/78 (0)	0/74 (0)
At 5 months	0/84 (0)	0/84 (0)
Marginal folate deficiency^h (≥3 and < 6 ng/mL)
Baseline	21/78 (27)	24/74 (32)
At 5 months	10/84 (12)	18/84 (21)
Vitamin B12 deficiencyⁱ (< 148 pmol/L)
Baseline	0/83 (0)	1/84 (1)
At 5 months	NA	NA
Marginal vitamin B12 deficiencyⁱ (≥148 and < 222 pmol/L)
Baseline	2/83 (2)	5/84 (6)
At 5 months	NA	NA

BMI Body mass index, Hb Hemoglobin, FER Ferritin, sTfR Soluble transferrin receptor, RBP Retinol-binding protein, NA Not available
^aValues are n/total n (%)
^bThereof mild underweight (BMI ≥17.0 and < 18.5 kg/m²): at baseline n = 21/n = 18 (intervention/control), at 5 months n = 19/n = 14; moderate underweight (BMI ≥16.0 and < 17.0 kg/m²): at baseline n = 6/n = 4, at 5 months n = 5/n = 6; severe underweight (BMI < 16.0 kg/m²): at baseline n = 2/n = 3, at 5 months n = 1/n = 3
^cThereof low-normal BMI (BMI ≥18.5 and < 20.0 kg/m²): at baseline n = 24/n = 24, at 5 months n = 21/n = 24
^dAt baseline total n = 170 (n = 1/n = 1 refused blood sampling). At 5 months total n = 171 (n = 1 intervention participant refused blood sampling)
^eThereof mild anemia (Hb ≥11.0 and < 12.0 g/dL): at baseline n = 13/n = 16, at 5 months n = 16/n = 14; moderate anemia (Hb ≥8.0 and < 11.0 g/dL): at baseline n = 6/n = 7, at 5 months n = 3/n = 8
^fAt baseline total n = 168 (n = 1/n = 1 refused blood sampling, n = 1/n = 1 with missing aliquot). At 5 months total n = 171 (n = 1 intervention participant refused blood sampling)
^gValues adjusted for subclinical inflammation
^hAt baseline total n = 152 (n = 1/n = 1 refused blood sampling, n = 1/n = 1 with missing aliquot, n = 6/n = 10 with deviating duplicate measurement). At 5 months total n = 168 (n = 1 intervention participant refused blood sampling, n = 1/n = 2 with deviating duplicate measurement)
ⁱAt baseline total n = 167 (n = 1/n = 1 refused blood sampling, n = 2/n = 1 with missing aliquot). Values for vitamin B12 not available at 5 months

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ISSN: 2055-0928

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