Table 2 Prevalence of stunting (<−2SD) among children aged 0–59 months
2006 | 2011 | 2016 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | N | % | N | % | N | |
Total (mean z score and SD) | 49.3 (−1.93; 1.3) | 5083 | 40.5 (−1.66; 1.4) | 2485 | 35.8 (−1.29; 4.9) | 2421 |
Household characteristics | ||||||
Family size | ||||||
Less than 5 | 43.2 | 1247 | 38.9 | 693 | 29.3 | 727 |
5 and above | 51.0 | 3836 | 41.1 | 1792 | 38.7 | 1694 |
Headship of the households | ||||||
Male | 48.7 | 4052 | 41.2 | 1828 | 36.2 | 1652 |
Female | 50.9 | 1031 | 38.7 | 657 | 35.0 | 769 |
Caste/ethnicity | ||||||
Dalit | 56.5 | 788 | 47.0 | 440 | 38.7 | 342 |
Muslim | 56.6 | 286 | 31.0 | 147 | 37.2 | 164 |
Janajati | 44.9 | 1608 | 40.4 | 794 | 32.2 | 661 |
Other Terai caste | 50.3 | 713 | 45.9 | 230 | 42.3 | 479 |
Brahmin/chhetri | 47.8 | 1444 | 36.8 | 734 | 34.6 | 629 |
Other | 48.5 | 244 | 41.0 | 140 | 28.3 | 146 |
Wealth quintile | ||||||
Poorest | 61.2 | 1285 | 56.0 | 640 | 49.2 | 496 |
Second poorest | 54.4 | 1086 | 45.7 | 510 | 38.7 | 528 |
Middle | 50.6 | 1032 | 34.5 | 582 | 35.7 | 549 |
Second richest | 39.7 | 921 | 30.5 | 421 | 32.4 | 526 |
Richest | 30.5 | 759 | 25.8 | 332 | 16.5 | 322 |
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 35.8 | 619 | 26.7 | 217 | 32.0 | 1280 |
Rural | 51.0 | 4464 | 41.8 | 2268 | 40.2 | 1141 |
Ecological Zone | ||||||
Mountain | 61.2 | 425 | 52.9 | 196 | 46.8 | 170 |
Hill | 50.2 | 2100 | 42.1 | 991 | 32.3 | 876 |
Terai | 46.2 | 2558 | 37.4 | 1298 | 36.7 | 1375 |
Household food security status | ||||||
Food secure | NA | 33.2 | 1061 | 29.2 | 991 | |
Mildly food insecure | NA | 41.2 | 305 | 35.9 | 557 | |
Moderately food insecure | NA | 45.6 | 577 | 42.0 | 623 | |
Severely food insecure | NA | 49.0 | 542 | 46.5 | 250 | |
Access of drinking water | ||||||
Unimproved | 51.2 | 1296 | 48.9 | 361 | 43.3 | 112 |
Improved | 48.4 | 3787 | 39.1 | 2124 | 35.5 | 2309 |
Access of toilet | ||||||
Unimproved | 53.9 | 3659 | 45.0 | 1415 | 48.9 | 581 |
Improved | 36.9 | 1424 | 34.6 | 1070 | 31.7 | 1840 |
Maternal characteristics | ||||||
Age of mother | ||||||
15–19 | 33.6 | 333 | 27.9 | 170 | 37.4 | 194 |
20–24 | 45.4 | 1761 | 39.8 | 908 | 32.5 | 863 |
25–29 | 49.2 | 1595 | 38.7 | 740 | 34.8 | 767 |
30 and above | 58.6 | 1394 | 46.7 | 667 | 41.6 | 597 |
Years of schooling of mother | ||||||
No schooling | 57.3 | 3119 | 46.9 | 1256 | 45.3 | 910 |
1–5 years schooling | 45.7 | 858 | 41.7 | 442 | 36.4 | 449 |
6–9 years schooling | 31.9 | 788 | 32.1 | 464 | 31.7 | 563 |
10 and above years of schooling | 20.1 | 318 | 25.9 | 323 | 22.7 | 499 |
Number of living children | ||||||
Up to 1 children | 34.0 | 1104 | 31.9 | 680 | 28.0 | 725 |
2 children | 46.0 | 1614 | 38.5 | 751 | 32.0 | 841 |
3 and more children | 58.3 | 2365 | 47.5 | 1054 | 46.2 | 855 |
Mother Employment | ||||||
No | 42.7 | 1580 | 37.5 | 1116 | 31.7 | 1240 |
Yes | 52.0 | 3503 | 42.9 | 1369 | 40.2 | 1181 |
Mother BMI | ||||||
less than 18.5/underweight | 47.2 | 3797 | 38.6 | 1935 | 33.6 | 1901 |
18.5 and above | 54.7 | 1284 | 47.1 | 469 | 44.5 | 452 |
Mother anemia | ||||||
No | 48.1 | 3027 | 39.8 | 1476 | 35.4 | 1271 |
Yes | 50.9 | 2023 | 41.2 | 902 | 35.8 | 1074 |
Child characteristics | ||||||
Age of child | ||||||
Less than 6 months | 11.5 | 474 | 19.4 | 228 | 13.5 | 218 |
6–11 months | 23.65 | 484 | 15.9 | 247 | 18.9 | 251 |
12–23 months | 47.5 | 970 | 34.8 | 489 | 37.4 | 512 |
25–49 months | 59.2 | 3155 | 49.5 | 1521 | 41.6 | 1440 |
Sex of child | ||||||
Boys | 48.6 | 2604 | 41.4 | 1273 | 36.0 | 1258 |
Girls | 49.7 | 2479 | 39.5 | 1212 | 35.7 | 1163 |
Birth order | ||||||
First | 40.6 | 1378 | 34.2 | 781 | 31.4 | 791 |
Second | 44.9 | 1266 | 39.2 | 592 | 30.1 | 657 |
Third and above | 56.1 | 2439 | 45.6 | 1112 | 43.3 | 973 |
Size at the time of birth | ||||||
Average or larger | 46.9 | 4109 | 38.4 | 2061 | 34.0 | 2031 |
Below average | 59.1 | 974 | 50.7 | 424 | 45.5 | 391 |
Anemia | ||||||
No | 53.6 | 2284 | 41.4 | 1172 | 34.7 | 1022 |
Yes | 53.9 | 2191 | 45.2 | 1008 | 40.9 | 1137 |