Diet quality is associated with malnutrition and low calf circumference in Canadian long-term care residents

Carrier, Natalie; Villalon, Lita; Lengyel, Christina; Slaughter, Susan E.; Duizer, Lisa; Morrison-Koechl, Jill; Keller, Heather

doi:10.1186/s40795-019-0314-7

BMC Nutrition

Table 2 Food intake and diet quality by diet texture, oral nutritional supplements and assistance with eating

From: Diet quality is associated with malnutrition and low calf circumference in Canadian long-term care residents

	Total Sample	Modified Texture Diet (IDDSI 3–5) Mean (SD)		Oral Nutritional Supplements Prescribed Mean (SD)		Physical Assistance with Eating Sometimes/Often^a Mean (SD)
		No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Number of Residents (n)	619	415	204	430	189	475	141
Energy Intake (kcal/day)	1556.3 (294.1)	1578.9 (274.3)	1510.2 (326.7)*	1580.3 (272.6)	1501.6 (332.4)*	1583.1 (276.6)	1478.0 (323.1)*
Protein intake (g/day)	57.5 (13.0)	57.5 (11.7)	57.5 (15.3)	58.0 (12.1)	56.3 (14.8)	58.4 (12.2)	54.9 (14.7)*
MAR	0.79 (0.09)	0.80 (0.08)	0.78 (0.10)	0.79 (0.07)	0.78 (0.11)	0.80 (0.07)	0.77* (0.11)
NAR
Vitamin D^b	0.28 (0.11)	0.27 (0.11)	0.30* (0.12)	0.27 (0.11)	0.28 (0.12)	0.28 (0.11)	0.27 (0.12)
Vitamin E α-tocopherol	0.34 (0.13)	0.34 (0.13)	0.34 (0.14)	0.31 (0.09)	0.40* (0.19)	0.34 (0.13)	0.35 (0.14)
Folate (DFE)	0.58 (0.18)	0.63 (0.17)	0.48* (0.17)	0.62 (0.16)	0.51* (0.21)	0.61 (0.19)	0.48* (0.19)
Calcium	0.61 (0.19)	0.60 (0.18)	0.64* (0.20)	0.61 (0.18)	0.62 (0.20)	0.62 (0.19)	0.60 (0.19)
Magnesium	0.65 (0.15)	0.65 (0.14)	0.64 (0.17)	0.64 (0.13)	0.66 (0.17)	0.66 (0.13)	0.62* (0.17)
Vitamin B₆	0.75 (0.16)	0.74 (0.15)	0.75 (0.18)	0.74 (0.15)	0.76 (0.19)	0.75 (0.15)	0.74 (0.19)
Zinc	0.81 (0.16)	0.80 (0.16)	0.82 (0.18)	0.80 (0.15)	0.82 (0.18)	0.82 (0.15)	0.79 (0.18)
Vitamin A (RAE)	0.82 (0.17)	0.82 (0.16)	0.81 (0.18)	0.83 (0.16)	0.78* (0.19)	0.82 (0.16)	0.79 (0.20)
Vitamin C	0.90 (0.17)	0.88 (0.19)	0.94* (0.13)	0.89 (0.18)	0.94* (0.15)	0.89 (0.18)	0.95* (0.14)
Copper	0.92 (0.12)	0.93 (0.11)	0.91 (0.15)	0.92 (0.12)	0.92 (0.14)	0.94 (0.11)	0.88* (0.16)
Vitamin B₁	0.93 (0.13)	0.95 (0.11)	0.90* (0.16)	0.95 (0.10)	0.90* (0.16)	0.95 (0.10)	0.89* (0.17)
Selenium	0.96 (0.12)	0.99 (0.06)	0.92* (0.18)	0.98 (0.07)	0.92* (0.17)	0.98 (0.06)	0.90* (0.19)
Iron	0.97 (0.09)	0.98 (0.07)	0.95* (0.12)	0.97 (0.08)	0.95* (0.11)	0.98 (0.06)	0.94* (0.12)
Vitamin B₁₂	0.97 (0.08)	0.98 (0.08)	0.96 (0.10)	0.97 (0.08)	0.96 (0.09)	0.98 (0.07)	0.96* (0.11)
Vitamin B₂	0.98 (0.07)	0.99 (0.04)	0.97* (0.10)	0.99 (0.05)	0.97* (0.09)	0.99 (0.04)	0.96* (0.11)
Vitamin B₃^c	0.98 (0.07)	0.99 (0.04)	0.96* (0.12)	0.99 (0.04)	0.96* (0.11)	0.99 (0.04)	0.96* (0.12)
Phosphorus	0.98 (0.06)	0.99* (0.05)	0.98* (0.08)	0.99 (0.04)	0.97* (0.09)	0.99 (0.04)	0.97* (0.09)

^aData missing for 3 residents, n = 616. Food and nutrient intake stratified by modified texture diet, oral nutritional supplement use and requiring physical assistance, as these resident level covariates were a) prevalent in the sample, and b) known to be associated with malnutrition
^bInternational unit
^cNiacin equivalent
*p < 0.05

Back to article page

ISSN: 2055-0928

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com