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Table 4 Association of diet quality with malnutrition risk and low calf circumference (fully adjusted models)

From: Diet quality is associated with malnutrition and low calf circumference in Canadian long-term care residents

 

Linear Regression

Logistic Regressiona.b

Diet Quality Parameters

MNA-SF

PG-SGA risk (score of B/C)

CC < 31

 

Parameter Estimate (95% CI)

Odds Ratioc (95% CI)

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Energy Intake (kcal/day)

0.001 (0.001, 0.002)*

0.77 (0.70, 0.85)*

0.87 (0.80, 0.95)*

Protein intake (g/day)

0.03 (0.01, 0.04)*

0.63 (0.51, 0.77)*

0.84 (0.70, 1.01)

MAR

3.58 (1.35, 5.82)*

0.42 (0.31, 0.58)*

0.86 (0.66, 1.11)

NAR

 Calcium

1.83 (0.75, 2.91)*

0.74 (0.64, 0.84)*

0.90 (0.80, 1.02)

 Copper

2.12 (0.46, 3.78)*

0.71 (0.57, 0.87)*

0.94 (0.78, 1.14)

 Folate (DFE)

1.68 (0.51, 2.85)*

0.74 (0.65, 0.85)*

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

 Iron

3.06 (0.92, 5.20)*

0.53 (0.38, 0.74)*

0.85 (0.67, 1.09)

 Magnesium

2.46 (1.12, 3.81)*

0.63 (0.53, 0.75)*

0.80 (0.69, 0.94)*

 Phosphorus

4.13 (1.15, 7.11)*

0.50 (0.32, 0.80)*

1.02 (0.72, 1.43)

 Selenium

0.71 (−0.98, 2.39)

0.62 (0.43, 0.89)*

0.96 (0.79, 1.17)

 Vitamin A (RAE)

1.32 (0.20, 2.45)*

0.70 (0.61, 0.81)*

0.97 (0.85, 1.11)

 Vitamin B1

1.77 (0.24, 3.29)*

0.68 (0.55, 0.83)*

0.89 (0.75, 1.05)

 Vitamin B2

1.76 (−0.94, 4.46)

0.55 (0.35, 0.86)*

1.18 (0.87, 1.60)

 Vitamin B3d

0.82 (−1.77, 3.40)

0.68 (0.40, 1.15)

0.86 (0.63, 1.17)

 Vitamin B6

1.14 (−0.07, 2.34)

0.69 (0.60, 0.81)*

0.95 (0.83, 1.09)

 Vitamin B12

1.87 (−0.24, 3.99)

0.59 (0.44, 0.79)*

1.18 (0.91, 1.53)

 Vitamin C

0.04 (−1.02, 1.10)

0.92 (0.81, 1.03)

0.97 (0.86, 1.10)

 Vitamin De

2.08 (0.25, 3.91)*

0.61 (0.49, 0.77)*

0.86 (0.69, 1.06)

 Vitamin E α-tocopherol

0.90 (−0.59, 2.38)

0.84 (0.71, 1.01)

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

 Zinc

2.16 (0.92, 3.39)*

0.65 (0.55, 0.76)*

0.88 (0.76, 1.01)

  1. aLogistic regression models did not converge when unit was included; adjusted for home only
  2. bOdds ratios calculated for: energy intake, per 100 kcal increase; protein intake, per 10g increase; energy/body weight, per 10 kcal/kg increase; protein/body weight, per 0.1 g/kg increase; adequacy ratio (MAR/NAR) scores are per 0.1 unit increase: < 1 being lower odds of the outcome, 1 = no association, and > 1 meaning higher odds of the outcome
  3. cOdds ratios adjusted for resident level characteristics that were prevalent and known to be associated with malnutrition (MTD, ONS, requiring physical assistance)
  4. dNiacin equivalent
  5. eInternational unit
  6. * P < 0.05
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