Fig. 4

Gene expression analysis of piglet ileum and liver at day 21, from animals consuming human milk (HM) or cow milk-based formula (MF). a lleum (n = 11/ diet group) and b liver (n = 10–11/diet group) samples expression of Uqcr10, Pgc1α, Hspa9, p53, Nrf1, Trap1, Tfam, Cycs, Pparβ and Sco2. Normalized arbitrary units were calculated using geometric mean of 2–3 reference genes and standard curves generated for each target (see methods section). The data are presented as mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed by 2-tailed t-test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 was considered significant between the diet groups