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Table 7 Differences in average BMI z scores and physical fitness scores between breakfast consumers and non-consumers

From: Relationship between breakfast consumption, BMI status and physical fitness of Ghanaian school-aged children

Did you have breakfast before school

Yes

No

P-value

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

BMI z scores

−0.34C1.0

− 0.35 ± 1.1

0.800

HFA z-score

−0.28 ± 1.1

−0.24 ± 1.0

0.808

Hand grip (kg)

4.4 ± 2.2

4.6 ± 1.8

0.277

Forward jump (cm)

4.6 ± 2.1

5.0 ± 1.8

0.275

Sit-ups (s)

3.7 ± 2.0

4.0 ± 1.9

0.134

Flexibility (cm)

1.1 ± 0.8

1.0 ± 0.2

0.087

50 m run (s)

6.3 ± 2.5

7.0 ± 2.3

0.022*

Total physical activity score

20.0 ± 7.5

21.6 ± 6.4

0.423

  1. N = 349