Table 1 Factors associated with under-nutrition, Alupe Sub-County Hospital, 2017a
Variable | Category | Cases n = 79 (n/%) | Controls n = 236 (n/%) | OR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residence | Urban | 69 (87.3) | 219 (92.7) | 1.9 | 0.8–4.3 | 0.21 |
Rural | 10 (12.7) | 17 (7.2) | ||||
ANC attendance | Yes | 5 (6.3) | 2 (< 1) | 7.9 | 1.5–41.6 | 0.02 |
No | 74 (93.7) | 234 (99.1) | ||||
Illness during pregnancy1 | Yes | 43 (54.4) | 102 (43.2) | 1.7 | 1.0–2.8 | 0.07 |
No | 33 (41.7) | 129 (54.6) | ||||
Gestation | Pre-term | 4 (5.1) | 6 (2.5) | 2.0 | 0.6–7.4 | 0.46 |
Term | 75 (94.9) | 230 (97.5) | ||||
Low birth weight 2 | Low | 13 (16.5) | 14 (5.9) | 2.8 | 1.2–6.2 | 0.02 |
Normal | 57 (72.2) | 169 (71.6) | ||||
Delayed developmental milestones | Delayed | 11 (13.9) | 2 (< 1) | 18.9 | 4.1–87.5 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 68 (86.1) | 234 (99.1) | ||||
Deworming | Yes | 49 (62.0) | 163 (69.1) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | 0.31 |
No | 30 (38.0) | 73 (30.9) | ||||
Pre-lacteal feeds 3 | Yes | 25 (31.6) | 50 (21.2) | 1.7 | 1.0–3.1 | 0.08 |
No | 53 (67.1) | 185 (78.4) | ||||
Mother’s education level 4 | None | 11 (13.9) | 18 (7.6) | 2.0 | 0.9–4.4 | 0.14 |
Other | 67 (84.8) | 218 (92.4) | ||||
Father’s education level 5 | None | 7 (8.9) | 5 (2.1) | 4.6 | 1.4–15.0 | 0.02 |
Other | 69 (87.3) | 227 (96.2) | ||||
Average monthly income KES. | ≥5000 | 25 (31.6) | 96 (40.7) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | 0.20 |
< 5000 | 54 (68.4) | 140 (59.3) | ||||
Birth order | ≥5 | 8 (10.1) | 11 (4.7) | 2.3 | 0.9–6.0 | 0.14 |
< 5 | 71 (89.9) | 225 (95.3) | ||||
Number of house occupants | ≥6 | 41 (51.9) | 88 (37.3) | 1.8 | 1.1–3.0 | 0.03 |
< 6 | 38 (48.1) | 148 (62.7) |