Table 2 Macronutrient and energy intake of community-dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults at baseline and follow-up (N = 81)
Nutrient intake | Baseline | Follow-up | P-values* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | RNI a | ||
Energy Kcal/day | Male | 1884.6 (518.2) | 1853.8 (609.6) | 1965.0 (686.5) | 1822 (797.8) | 2103.3–2366.2 | 0.393 |
Female | 1514.5 (428.3) | 1358.5 (526.5) | 1354.5 (498.5) | 1243.5 (676.0) | 1673.0–1888.1 | 0.065 | |
Carbs g | Male | 230.2 (61.9) | 223.8 (60.9) | 248.9 (72.1) | 234.8 (83.0) | – | 0.104 |
Female | 195.4 (60.9) | 201.1 (95.3) | 178.2 (74.0) | 161.8 (84.5) | Â | 0.189 | |
%TE Carbs | Male | 50.2 (11.6) | 48.2 (17.7) | 53.5 (10.8) | 52.7 (16.4) | 50 | 0.101 |
Female | 51.8 (8.9) | 50.2 (9.2) | 52.1 (9.2) | 52.3 (14.5) | Â | 0.883 | |
Fibre g/day | Male | 18.3 (7.3) | 17.2 (10.0) | 20.3 (10.8) | 19.1 (10.5) | 30 | 0.192 |
Female | 17.1 (7.9) | 15.0 (10.7) | 14.1 (7.5) | 12.8 (9.5) | Â | 0.084 | |
Protein g | Male | 79.1 (25.3) | 74.2 (28.7) | 77.6 (34.4) | 73.9 (41.5) | Â | 0.736 |
Female | 68.0 (23.0) | 57.5 (36.6) | 58.6 (23.4) | 53.2 (28.2) | Â | 0.070 | |
Protein g/kg/day | Male | 1.02 (0.40) | 0.94 (0.44) | 0.98 (0.48) | 0.90 (0.51) | 1.0–1.2 g/kg [40] | 0.754 |
Female | 0.93 (0.33) | 0.86 (0.50) | 0.80 (0.37) | 0.76 (0.38) | Â | 0.183 | |
%TE Protein | Male | 17.0 (3.9) | 16.8 (5.3) | 15.8 (4.2) | 15.3 (3.9) | 15 | 0.127 |
Female | 18.1 (4.4) | 17.7 (4.8) | 18.0 (5.9) | 18.0 (6.7) | Â | 0.912 | |
Fats g | Male | 75.3 (40.8) | 73.6 (49.2) | 73.5 (44.7) | 66.6 (39.5) | – | 0.816 |
Female | 53.3 (20.2) | 53.0 (33.7) | 48.8 (22.4) | 41.6 (29.9) | Â | 0.319 | |
%TE Fats | Male | 34.3 (10.8) | 36.3 (16.5) | 38.1 (37.6) | 32.4 (12.8) | 35 | 0.453 |
Female | 31.6 (8.6) | 31.3 (14.4) | 32.3 (7.0) | 31.1 (10.3) | Â | 0.724 | |
Saturated fats g | Male | 24.2 (14.5) | 22.2 (17.5) | 28.9 (28.0) | 23.6 (17.2) | – | 0.203 |
Female | 17.5 (8.9) | 16.9 (12.4) | 17.2 (10.7) | 14.0 (8.5) | Â | 0.885 | |
%TE Saturated fats | Male | 11.2 (4.8) | 11.0 (6.7) | 11.3 (4.3) | 11.1 (6.0) | 11 | 0.885 |
Female | 10.4 (4.6) | 9.7 (4.8) | 11.2 (4.2) | 10.8 (6.7) | Â | 0.445 | |
MUFA g | Male | 24 (14.0) | 22.8 (17.2) | 24.8 (16.9) | 20.6 (15.2) | – | 0.742 |
Female | 17.6 (8.3) | 17.9 (12.1) | 16.1 (9.2) | 14.6 (8.8) | Â | 0.385 | |
%TE MUFA | Male | 11.1 (4.6) | 11.3 (6.1) | 10.3 (3.8) | 10.6 (6.0) | 12 | 0.310 |
Female | 10.4 (3.9) | 10.4 (4.8) | 10.5 (36) | 10.4 (3.6) | Â | 0.889 | |
PUFA g | Male | 13.9 (10.2) | 10.5 (8.8) | 15.4 (14.6) | 10.9 (13.5) | Â | 0.460 |
Female | 8.9 (4.1) | 9.7 (7.1) | 7.2 (3.7) | 6.2 (3.6) | Â | 0.040 | |
% TE PUFA | Male | 6.3 (3.4) | 5.7 (3.2) | 6.7 (5.9) | 5.5 (5.1) | Â | 0.626 |
Female | 5.2 (2.0) | 4.9 (3.0) | 4.8 (1.7) | 4.8 (2.5) | Â | 0.292 | |