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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies and outcomes reported

From: Risk factors and morbidities associated with childhood obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review

No.

Author & date

Study design

Country

Setting

Sample size

Age range (years)

Gender

Outcome reported

1

Baumgartner et al. 2013 [80]

Placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention trial.

South Africa

Rural, urban

321

6–11

Male, female

Morbidity

2

Craig et al. 2016 [50]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural

1519

7–15

Male, female

Risk factors

3

Feeley et al. 2013 [61]

Longitudinal study

South Africa

Urban

1298

13–17

Male, female

Risk factors

4

Ginsburg et al. 2013 [72]

Longitudinal study

South Africa

Urban

1613

15

Male, female

Risk factors

5

Kimani-Murage et al. 2010 [92]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural

3511

1–20

Male female

Risk factors, morbidity

6

Kimani-Murage et al. 2011 [76]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural

1848

10–20

Male, female

Risk factors

7

Lesiapeto et al. 2016 [77]

Retrospective survey (Secondary data analysis)

South Africa

Rural

2485

<  5

Male, female

Risk factors

8

Meko et al. 2015 [78]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Urban

415

13–15

Male, female

Risk factors

9

Mokabane et al. 2014 [79]

Case study

South Africa

Peri-urban

56

13–19

Female

Risk factors

10

Munthali et al. 2016 [81]

Longitudinal study

South Africa

Urban

1824

5–18

Male, female

Morbidity

11

Negash et al. 2017 [93]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Urban

1559

7–18

Male, female

Risk factor, morbidity

12

Pienaar 2015 [29]

Longitudinal study

South Africa

Rural, urban

574

6–9

Male, female

Risk factors

13

Pisa et al. 2015 [30]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural

388

11–15

Male, female

Risk factors

14

Pretorius et al. 2019 [31]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural, urban

1785

6–12

Male, female

Risk factors

15

Reddy et al. 2012 [32]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural, urban

4010

Mean = 16.5

Male, female

Risk factors

16

Sedibe et al. 2018 [33]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural, urban

3490

11–15

Male, female

Risk factors

17

Steyn et al. 2011 [34]

Retrospective survey (Secondary data analysis)

South Africa

Rural, urban

2469

1–9

Male, female

Risk factors

18

Symington et al. 2016 [35]

Retrospective survey (Secondary data analysis)

South Africa

Rural, urban

519

3–9

Male, female

Risk factors

19

Zeelie et al. 2010 [84]

Cross-sectional survey

South Africa

Rural, Urban

232

5–19

Male, female

Morbidity

20

Adegoke et al. 2009 [36]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Semi-urban

720

6–18

Male, female

Risk factors

21

Adesina et al. 2012 [37]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

960

10–19

Male, female

Risk factors

22

Akodu et al. 2012 [38]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

160

2–15

Male, female

Risk factors

23

Ene-Obong et al. 2012 [40]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

1599

5–18

Male, female

Risk factors

24

Maruf et al. 2013 [41]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

9014

2–18

Male, female

Risk factors

25

Musa et al. 2012 [42]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Rural, urban

3240

9–16

Male, female

Risk factors

26

Nwaiwu et al. 2015 [85]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Not specified

406

2–15

Male, female

Morbidity

27

Oduwole et al. 2012 [86]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

885

9–18

Male, female

Morbidity

28

Omisore et al. 2015 [87]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Not specified

1000

10–19

Male, female

Morbidity

29

Omuemu et al. 2010 [43]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

300

10–19

Male, female

Risk factors

30

Opara et al. 2010 [44]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Rural, urban

985

2.5–14

Male, female

Risk factors

31

Senbanjo et al. 2010 [45]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

570

5–19

Male, female

Risk factors

32

Senbanjo et al. 2012 [88]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

423

10–19

Male, female

Morbidity

33

Uwaezuoke et al. 2016 [89]

Cross-sectional survey

Nigeria

Urban

2419

10–19

Male, female

Morbidity

34

Mekonnen et al. 2018 [46]

Cross-sectional survey

Ethiopia

Rural, urban

634

6–12

Male, female

Risk factors

35

Moges et al. 2018 [47]

Cross-sectional survey

Ethiopia

Urban

1276

10–19

Male, female

Risk factors

36

Sorrie et al. 2017 [48]

Cross-sectional survey

Ethiopia

Urban

504

3–5

Male, female

Risk factors

37

Tadesse et al. 2017 [49]

Cross-sectional survey

Ethiopia

Urban

462

3–6

Male, female

Risk factors

38

Teshome et al. 2013 [51]

Cross-sectional survey

Ethiopia

Urban

559

10–19

Male, female

Risk factors

39

Wakayo et al. 2016 [52]

Cross-sectional survey

Ethiopia

Rural, urban

174

11–18

Male, female

Risk factors

40

Adamo et al. 2011 [53]

Cross-sectional survey

Kenya

Rural, urban

179

9–13

Male, female

Risk factors

41

Gewa, 2010 [39]

DHS

Kenya

Rural, urban

1495

3–5

Male, female

Risk factors

42

Kimani-Murage et al. 2015 [54]

Cross-sectional survey

Kenya

Urban

3335

<  5

Male, female

Risk factors

43

Muthuri et al. 2014 [55]

Cross-sectional survey

Kenya

Urban

563

9–13

Male, female

Risk factors

44

Wachira et al. 2018 [56]

Cross-sectional survey

Kenya

Urban

563

9–11

Male, female

Risk factors

45

Choukem et al. 2017 [57]

Cross-sectional Survey

Cameroon

Urban

1343

3–13

Male, female

Risk factors

46

Chedjou-Nono et al. 2017 [90]

Cross-sectional survey

Cameroon

urban

38 cases: 38 controls

3–17

Male, female

Morbidity

47

Navti et al. 2014 [58]

Cross-sectional survey

Cameroon

Rural, urban

557

5–12

Male, female

Risk factors

48

Tchoubi et al. 2015 [59]

Retrospective survey (Secondary data analysis)

Cameroon

Rural, urban

4518

<  5

Male, female

Risk factors

49

Mosha et al. 2010 [60]

Cross-sectional survey

Tanzania

Urban

428

6–12

Male, female

Risk factors

50

Muhihi et al. 2013 [94]

Cross-sectional survey

Tanzania

Rural, urban

446

6–17

Male, female

Risk factors, morbidity

51

Mushengezi et al. 2014 [91]

Cross-sectional survey

Tanzania

Urban

582

12–19

Male, female

morbidity

52

Mwaikambo et al. 2015 [62]

Cross-sectional survey

Tanzania

Urban

1722

7–14

Male, female

Risk factors

53

Adom et al. 2019 [63]

Cross-sectional survey

Ghana

Urban

543

8–11

Male, female

Risk factors

54

Mohammed et al. 2012 [64]

Cross-sectional survey

Ghana

Urban

270

5–15

Male, female

Risk factors

55

Nagwa et al. 2011 [65]

Cross-sectional survey

Sudan

Urban

1138

10–18

Male, female

Risk factors

56

Salman et al. 2011 [82]

Cross-sectional survey

Sudan

Urban

304

6–12

Male, female

Morbidity

57

Christoph et al. 2017 [66]

Cross-sectional survey

Uganda

Rural, urban

148

11–16

Male, female

Risk factors

58

Turi et al. 2013 [67]

Retrospective survey (Secondary data analysis)

Uganda

Rural, urban

1099

<  5

Male, female

Risk factors

59

Wrotniak et al. 2012 [68]

Cross-sectional survey

Botswana

Rural, urban

707

12–18

Male, female

Risk factors

60

Juwara et al. 2016 [69]

Cross-sectional survey

Gambia

Urban

960

13–15

Male, female

Risk factors

61

Van den Berg et al. 2014 [70]

Cross-sectional survey

Lesotho

Urban

221

16

Male, female

Risk factors

62

Caleyachetty et al. 2012 [71]

Cross-sectional survey

Mauritius

Rural, urban

241

9–10

Male, female

Risk factors

63

Dos Santos et al. 2015 [83]

Cross-sectional survey

Mozambique

Urban, suburban

323

10–15

Male, female

Morbidity

64

Bovet et al. 2010 [73]

Cross-sectional survey

Seychelles

Rural, urban

8462

Mean ages; 9.2, 12.6 and 15.3 years

Male, female

Risk factors

65

Sagbo et al. 2018 [74]

Cross-sectional survey

Togo

Urban

634

8–17

Male, female

Risk factors

66

Kambondo et al. 2018 [75]

Cross-sectional survey

Zimbabwe

Rural, urban

974

6–12

Male, female

Risk factors

67

Peltzer et al. 2011 [27]

Retrospective survey (Secondary data analysis)

Ghana, Uganda

Not specified

5613

13–15

Male, female

Risk factors

68

Manyanga et al. 2014 [28]

Cross-sectional survey

Benin, Ghana, Mauritania, Malawi

Not specified

23,496

11–17

Male, female

Risk factors