From: Salt and potassium intake among adult Ghanaians: WHO-SAGE Ghana Wave 3
Main SAGE cohort (n = 3053) | Salt sub study sample (n = 839) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Years | 60 (20) | 60 (19) | 0.3294 |
18–49 years, n (%) | 717 (23.5) | 174 (20.7) | 0.0100 |
50 plus years, n (%) | 2336 (76.5) | 665 (79.3) | 0.4494 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
Men | 1183 (38.8) | 371 (32.3) | |
Women | 1870 (61.2) | 568 (67.7) | |
Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Akan | 1544 (50.6) | 497 (59.2) | |
Ewe | 216 (7.1) | 58 (6.9) | |
Ga-Adangbe | 224 (7.3) | 45 (5.4) | |
Gruma | 30 (1.0) | 6 (0.7) | |
Grusi | 76 (2.5) | 12 (1.4) | |
Guan | 38 (1.2) | 16 (1.9) | |
Mande-Busanga | 63 (2.1) | 3 (0.4) | |
Mole-Dagbon | 174 (5.7) | 24 (2.9) | |
Other | 612 (20.0) | 174 (20.7) | |
Residence, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||
Urban | 1301 (42.6) | 457 (54.5) | |
Rural | 1752 (57.4) | 382 (45.5) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
Never married | 208 (6.8) | 39 (4.6) | |
Married/cohabiting | 1760 (57.7) | 470 (56.0) | |
Separate/divorced | 369 (12.1) | 87 (10.4) | |
Widowed | 715 (23.4) | 243 (29.0) | |
Never been to school, n (%) | 1119 (36.7) | 240 (28.6) | < 0.0001 |
Education (years) | 10 (5) | 10 (5) | 0.0139 |
BMI kg/m2 | 24.2 (6.8) | 25.4 (7.4) | < 0.01 |
Waist to height ratio | 0.54 (0.11) | 0.56 (0.13) | < 0.01 |
Never used alcohol, n (%) | 1865 (61.3) | 483 (57.6) | 0.052 |
Never used tobacco, n (%) | 2739 (90.0) | 759 (90.5) | 0.68 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124 (26.5) | 126.5 (29) | < 0.01 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 76 (17) | 76.5 (17) | 0.83 |
Mean Arterial Pressure (Map) mmHG | 92.5 (19.2) | 93.2 (20.7) | 0.24 |
Hypertension, n(%) | 1132 (37.6) | 370 (44.3) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes, n(%) | 157 (5.2) | 67 (8.0) | 0.01 |
Portions of fruit, n(%) | 0.05 | ||
Met WHO’s recommendation of at least 5 servings of friuts and vegetables | 1591 (57.4) | 442 (54.5) | 0.14 |
Frequently add salt to food at table, n(%) | 642 (21.1) | 107 (12.7) | < 0.01 |
Frequently add salt to food during cooking, n(%) | 2527 (83.0) | 672 (80.1) | 0.05 |
Believe they consume too much salt, n(%) | 265 (8.8) | 92 (11.0) | 0.05 |
Believe a high salt diet is bad for health, n(%) | 2247 (75.9) | 651 (80.0) | 0.02 |
Regularly control of salt intake, n(%) | 1243 (42.1) | 394 (48.5) | < 0.01 |