Table 1 Characteristics of the participants in the main cohort and the sub-study

 N

11,250

5268

5982

 Age (years)

58.3 (58.1, 58.5)

58.5 (58.2, 58.8)

58.0 (57.7, 58.3)*

 BMI (kg/m²)

27.3 (27.2, 27.4)

27.7 (27.6, 27.8)

26.9 (26.8, 27.1)***

 Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

62.2 (62.0, 62.7)

59.2 (58.7, 59.8)

65.1 (64.5, 65.6)***

 Vitamin D intake (ug/d)^c

14.1 (14.0, 14.3)

14.5 (14.2, 14.7)

13.9 (13.6, 14.1)**

 Calcium intake (mg/d)^c

1188 (1177, 1199)

1247 (1231, 1264)

1136 (1121, 1151)***

 N

1917

828

1089

 Age (years)

70.2 (69.8, 70.6)

70.7 (70.3, 71.3)

69.9 (69.3, 70.4)

 BMI (kg/m²)

27.4 (27.2, 27.6)

27.6 (27.3, 27.8)

27.4 (27.1, 27.6)

 Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

68.2 (67.3, 69.2)

65.3 (64.0, 66.7)

70.4 (69.2, 71.7)***

 Serum PTH (pmol/L)

5.8 (5.7, 5.9)

5.9 (5.7, 6.0)

5.8 (5.7, 5.9)

 Serum calcium (mmol/L)

2.36 (2.36, 2.36)

2.35 (2.35, 2.36)

2.37 (2.36, 2.37)***

 Vitamin D intake (ug/d)^c

14.9 (14.4, 15.4)

15.2 (14.5, 15.9)

14.6 (14.0, 15.3)

 Calcium intake (mg/d)^c

1168 (1140, 1195)

1199 (1157, 1241)

1144 (1108, 1181)