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Table 2 Serum 25(OH)D in relation to calcium and vitamin D intakes in all subjects and gender specific in the 11,250 subjects in the main cohort

From: Increased calcium intake is associated lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with adequate vitamin D intake: a population-based observational study

 

Calcium intake§ < 500 mg/d

Calcium intake§ 500–999 mg/d

Calcium intake§ 1000–1499 mg/d

Calcium intake§ > 1499 mg/d

n

Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

n

Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

n

Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

n

Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

All subjects‡

 Vitamin D intake (ug/d)§

   < 7.0

444

56.2 (54.3, 58.0)

1396

54.8 (53.8, 56.7)

874

56.7 (55.2, 58.1)

302

56.7 (54.3, 59.1)

  7.0–13.9

223

60.8 (58.1, 63.5)

1360

60.8 (59.8, 61.9)

1531

59.7 (58.7, 60.6)

943

57.8 (56.5, 59.0)#

  14.0–20.9

69

69.1 (64.0, 74.1)

513

69.0 (67.3, 70.8)

624

66.6 (65.0, 68.2)

553

62.5 (60.8, 64.2)#**

   > 20.9

77

76.2 (71.1, 81.2)†

666

74.3 (72.7, 76.0)†

871

72.5 (71.2, 73.8)†

804

69.6 (68.2, 71.1)#**†

Males‡

 Vitamin D intake (ug/d)§

   < 7.0

165

54.5 (51.7, 57.3)

530

52.3 (50.7, 53.9)

363

52.3 (50.3, 54.2)

139

49.8 (47.1, 52.6)

  7.0–13.9

93

57.3 (53.0, 61.6)

635

57.3 (55.8, 58.8)

815

56.8 (55.6, 58.1)

536

54.4 (52.8, 56.0)

  14.0–20.9

29

62.5 (57.4, 67.7)

208

66.6 (63.7, 69.5)

284

62.6 (60.5, 64.7)

321

59.0 (56.9, 61.1)#**

   > 20.9

32

77.7 (68.9, 86.5)†

286

72.3 (69.9, 74.6)†

401

70.5 (68.7, 72.4)†

431

65.9 (64.1, 67.7)#**†

Females‡

 Vitamin D intake (ug/d)§

   < 7.0

279

57.2 (54.7, 59.7)

866

56.4 (55.0, 57.7)

511

59.8 (57.8, 61.8)

163

62.6 (59.1, 66.2)#*

  7.0–13.9

130

63.4 (59.9, 66.8)

725

64.0 (62.5, 65.5)

716

62.9 (61.5, 64.4)

407

62.2 (60.4, 64.1)

  14.0–20.9

40

73.9 (66.2, 81.6)

305

70.7 (68.5, 73.0)

340

70.0 (67.6, 72.3)

232

67.4 (64.6, 70.2)

   > 20.9

45

75.1 (68.9, 81.4)†

380

75.9 (73.7, 78.1)†

470

74.2 (72.4, 76.0)†

373

73.9 (71.8, 76.1)†

  1. #P < 0.01. Linear trend for serum 25(OH)D across calcium intake groups without adjustments
  2. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Linear trend for serum 25(OH)D across calcium intake groups with sex, age, BMI and month of blood sampling (using dummy variables) as covariates
  3. P < 0.001. Linear trend for serum 25(OH)D across vitamin D intake groups without adjustments as well as with sex, age, BMI and month of blood sampling (using dummy variables) as covariates
  4. ‡ Subjects in the Tromsø study with valid food frequency questionnaires, serum 25(OH)D measurement, not been on a sunny vacation last 2 months, and not taking solarium regularly
  5. §Including supplements
  6. The data are mean (95% CI). The P values are adjusted for multiple testing with a factor of 4