Table 2 Mean Intake of Fermented and Non-Fermented Products Assessed by FFQ and 24-Hour Recalls
FFQ | 24-h Recall | % Difference in group means (absolute difference)b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meana | SD | Consumers | Meana | SD | Consumers | ||
Energy, kcal/day | 2143.7 | 504.8 | 809 | 2129.2 | 444.2 | 809 | 0.7 (14.5) |
Fermented beverages | 605.5 (4.5%) | 376.7 | 782 | 609.6 (5.5%) | 371.8 | 774 | −0.7 (−4.1) |
Coffee | 457.6 (0.2%) | 303.0 | 744 | 448.3 (0.8%) | 287.9 | 742 | 2.1 (9.3) |
Beer | 82.8 (1.7%) | 163.0 | 436 | 85.7 (1.8%) | 174.4 | 267 | −3.3 (−2.9) |
Wine | 65.0 (2.6%) | 88.5 | 613 | 75.3 (2.8%) | 100.0 | 507 | −13.7 (−10.3) |
Fermented cereals/grains | 128.7 (15.0%) | 52.1 | 806 | 142.6 (17.3%) | 52.7 | 805 | −9.7 (−13.9) |
Brown bread | 23.9 (2.6%) | 36.0 | 535 | 24.6 (2.9%) | 33.1 | 464 | −2.6 (−0.7) |
White bread | 8.7 (1.1%) | 15.6 | 531 | 18.6 (2.3%) | 29.2 | 418 | −53.4 (−9.9) |
Wholegrain bread | 82.4 (9.5%) | 52.4 | 760 | 79.4 (9.3%) | 55.5 | 723 | 3.8 (3) |
Rye bread | 3.3 (0.3%) | 9.5 | 262 | 3.2 (0.3%) | 11.7 | 103 | 5.1 (0.1) |
Other bread | 8.6 (1.1%) | 14.3 | 274 | 7.7 (1.0%) | 15.5 | 271 | 10.8 (0.9) |
Pastries | 1.8 (0.4%) | 4.3 | 368 | 2.2 (0.4%) | 6.7 | 117 | −16.4 (−0.4) |
Chocolate | 5.6 (1.4%) | 7.9 | 715 | 9.0 (2.2%) | 10.8 | 575 | −37.4 (−3.4) |
Fermented dairy | 170.6 (8.2%) | 125.3 | 804 | 175.5 (8.5%) | 129.8 | 795 | −2.8 (−4.9) |
Cheeses | 31.6 (4.9%) | 25.2 | 785 | 31.7 (5.2%) | 20.4 | 761 | −0.3 (−0.1) |
Yoghurts | 93.7 (2.5%) | 90.5 | 704 | 81.8 (2.0%) | 90.3 | 586 | 14.6 (11.9) |
Quark | 3.0 (0.1%) | 16.5 | 60 | 13.9 (0.5%) | 34.2 | 207 | −78.6 (−10.9) |
Buttermilk | 42.3 (0.6%) | 75.1 | 316 | 0.4 (0.01%) | 7.3 | 3 | 10,224.4 (41.9) |
Non-fermented dairy | 152.7 (5.5%) | 136.1 | 802 | 136.8 (5.5%) | 132.4 | 752 | 11.7 (15.9) |
Butter | 3.0 (1.0%) | 7.7 | 309 | 3.0 (1.0%) | 6.0 | 308 | 0.8 (0) |
Cream | 3.0 (0.4%) | 7.1 | 685 | 7.9 (0.7%) | 13.4 | 444 | −62.5 (−4.9) |
Ice cream | 6.1 (0.7%) | 9.1 | 520 | 7.8 (0.9%) | 14.7 | 242 | −22.0 (−1.7) |
Milk | 140.7 (3.5%) | 136.1 | 691 | 115.6 (2.6%) | 131.9 | 591 | 21.7 (25.1) |
Non-fermented soya | 9.3 (0.3%) | 34.3 | 683 | 11.1 (0.3%) | 46.4 | 92 | −15.9 (−1.8) |