High fructose corn syrup, excess-free-fructose, and risk of coronary heart disease among African Americans– the Jackson Heart Study

DeChristopher, Luanne R.; Auerbach, Brandon J.; Tucker, Katherine L.

doi:10.1186/s40795-020-00396-x

Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Beverage Intake Frequency in the Jackson Heart Study^a

From: High fructose corn syrup, excess-free-fructose, and risk of coronary heart disease among African Americans– the Jackson Heart Study

ttlEFF - Any Combo of HFCS sweetened Soft Drinks, and Fruit Drinks						Orange Juice				Other 100% Juices
Intake Frequencies
	< 2/wk	2–5/wk	1/d	> 1to < 3/d	≥3/d	≤1/wk	2–4 /wk	5–7 /wk	> 1/d	≤1/wk	2–4/wk	5–7/wk	> 1/d
N	699	728	738	727	641	897	951	588	1097	1760	671	517	585
Mean Age (y)	58	56	54	54	51	55	53	55	56	55	52	57	55
Gender (male %)	25	33	37	35	39	24	40	34	36	32	43	24	38
Smoking History
Yes (%)	30	28	25	30	31	31	30	25	27	31	26	27	28
^bBMI Health(%)
Poor (≥30 kg/m)	55	53	53	53	53	55	51	53	54	54	51	52	54
Intermediate (25–29.9 kg/m)	35	34	33	33	32	32	33	35	33	32	35	33	34
Ideal (18.5–25 kg/m)	10	13	14	15	15	12	16	12	14	13	13	15	13
Mean Total Energy Intake
daily kilocal	1591	1814	1976	2256	2716	1867	1991	2070	2288	1907	2146	2063	2445
2010 Healthy Eating Index
Mean score	70	68	65	63	56	62	62	66	67	63	64	67	67
Education Level (%)
0–11 y	19	16	12	16	18	16	17	15	17	18	16	15	13
12 y	16	15	18	18	19	20	16	14	17	18	15	17	18
13+ y	65	69	70	66	63	64	67	71	66	64	70	68	69
^cIncome (%)
Low	12	11	10	12	14	14	13	09	11	12	10	14	10
Middle	51	51	51	53	56	51	54	53	53	54	53	56	52
Affluent	36	37	38	34	27	30	36	37	36	34	37	30	38
Physical Activity Health (%)
Poor	42	45	44	50	51	51	47	41	46	48	45	45	44
Intermediate	37	32	34	30	34	34	33	36	32	33	34	33	33
Ideal	21	23	21	19	15	16	20	23	22	18	21	22	22
hsCRP (%)
Low risk< 1 mg/L	89	89	89	90	88	89	84	90	90	89	90	90	88
Avg risk 1-3 mg/L	9	9	10	9	9	9	9	9	8	9	8	9	10
High risk > 3 mg/L	2	2	1	1	3	2	2	1	2	2	2	1	2
Hypertension
(Yes%)	18	19	18	20	19	17	18	18	20	18	18	18	21
Fasting LDL (%)
Borderline High	25	29	30	28	25	26	29	25	28	29	26	26	27
High	10	13	13	16	12	12	13	11	15	12	14	13	15
Very High	5	5	5	6	4	6	5	4	4	5	5	5	5
Fasting HDL (%)
Low	34	34	34	40	37	38	37	35	34	36	37	36	35
Fasting Triglyceride (%)
Borderline High	8	10	8	12	10	9	9	12	10	9	10	13	10
High	5	6	5	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	4
Diabetes (Yes %)	32	17	14	11	10	18	16	14	17	18	16	15	13

^a Characteristics by beverage intake frequency are based upon self-reported responses to the medical and food frequency questionnaires administered at baseline (10/2005–12/2008). ^bAmerican Heart Association classifications for body mass index (BMI). ^cIncome is classified as (low income (<poverty level); lower-middle (1–1.6 times the poverty level); upper-middle (1.6–3.5 times the poverty level); affluent (at least 3.5 times the poverty level)

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ISSN: 2055-0928

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