Table 1 Baseline Demographics, Participant Characteristics, and AHEI Baseline and Year 1 Scores by treatment arm
From: Diet quality, weight loss, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)
| Â | All | ILS | Metformin | Placebo | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 2914 | N = 964 | N = 977 | N = 973 |  | |
Demographics | |||||
 Age (years) | 50.8 ± 10.6 | 50.7 ± 11.1 | 51.3 ± 10.3 | 50.5 ± 10.3 | 0.249 |
 Female | 1967 (67.5%) | 657 (68.2%) | 637 (65.2%) | 673 (69.2%) | 0.151 |
 Race/ethnicity |  |  |  |  | 0.379 |
  % Caucasian | 1614 (55.4%) | 535 (55.5%) | 548 (56.1%) | 531 (54.6%) |  |
  % African American | 564 (19.4%) | 172 (17.8%) | 200 (20.5%) | 192 (19.7%) |  |
  % Hispanic | 460 (15.8%) | 157 (16.3%) | 151 (15.5%) | 152 (15.6%) |  |
  % American Indian | 154 (5.3%) | 50 (5.2%) | 49 (5.0%) | 55 (5.7%) |  |
  % Asian | 122 (4.2%) | 50 (5.2%) | 29 (3.0%) | 43 (4.4%) |  |
 Education (years) | 14.8 ± 3.1 | 14.8 ± 3.1 | 14.9 ± 3.1 | 14.7 ± 3.2 | 0.579 |
 Current Smoker | 181 (6.2%) | 50 (5.2%) | 61 (6.2%) | 70 (7.2%) | 0.187 |
 Family History of Diabetes | 2018 (69.3%) | 665 (69.1%) | 674 (69.0%) | 679 (69.9%) | 0.899 |
 Hypertensiona | 832 (28.6%) | 272 (28.2%) | 288 (29.5%) | 272 (28.0%) | 0.728 |
Characteristics | |||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 33.9 ± 6.6 | 33.8 ± 6.7 | 33.8 ± 6.6 | 34.2 ± 6.7 | 0.369 |
 Waist (cm) | 105.1 ± 14.4 | 104.9 ± 14.7 | 104.9 ± 14.4 | 105.3 ± 14.2 | 0.760 |
 Waist-to-Hip | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.360 |
 Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) | 106.4 ± 8.2 | 106.3 ± 8.1 | 106.4 ± 8.4 | 106.6 ± 8.2 | 0.772 |
 2-Hour Glucose (mg/dl) | 164.6 ± 17.0 | 164.3 ± 16.8 | 165.0 ± 17.2 | 164.4 ± 17.1 | 0.670 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 0.798 |
 Total daily energy intake (kcal) | 1901.4 [1459.8, 2565.4] | 1911.1 [1445.7, 2513.3] | 1916.0 [1485.2, 2607.3] | 1878.2 [1445.1, 2559.0] | 0.354 |
 Leisure MET hrs per week | 9.9 [3.9, 20.7] | 9.9 [3.8, 21.3] | 10.1 [4.0, 20.8] | 9.5 [4.0, 19.4] | 0.713 |
AHEI Scores | |||||
 DPP Baseline | 44.2 ± 10.4 | 44.4 ± 10.5 | 43.8 ± 10.3 | 44.4 ± 10.5 | 0.327 |
 DPP Year 1 (Y01) | 46.4 ± 10.2 | 48.6 ± 10.0 | 45.0 ± 10.0 | 45.9 ± 10.3 | <.001 |
 Difference Baseline to Year 1 | 2.3 ± 8.8 | 4.2 ± 9.0 | 1.2 ± 8.5 | 1.4 ± 8.4 | <.001 |