Diet quality, weight loss, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)

BMC Nutrition

Table 3 Effect of AHEI change (per 10-point increase) from baseline to year 1 on time to diabetes over 3.2 years of follow-up in DPP using Cox proportional hazard models

	N	Model 1 Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI)	Model 2 Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI)	Model 3 Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI)
All participants ^a,b	2914	0.903 (0.811, 1.006)	0.919 (0.822, 1.026)	0.980 (0.874, 1.098)
Stratified Models
Treatment group		p-interaction = 0.9785	p-interaction = 0.9591	p-interaction = 0.9726
Lifestyle ^b	964	0.884 (0.704, 1.109)	0.856 (0.677, 1.082)	1.013 (0.789, 1.301)
Metformin^b	977	0.869 (0.715, 1.058)	0.915 (0.745, 1.123)	0.963 (0.783, 1.185)
Placebo^b	973	0.933 (0.796, 1.093)	0.957 (0.810, 1.130)	0.981 (0.829, 1.162)
Racial/ethnic group		p-interaction = 0.1269	p-interaction = 0.0636	p-interaction = 0.1391
Caucasian^a	1614	0.840 (0.727, 0.970)	0.834 (0.716, 0.972)	0.899 (0.767, 1.055)
African American^a	564	1.246 (0.967, 1.607)	1.238 (0.948, 1.615)	1.275 (0.981, 1.657)
Hispanic^a	460	0.881 (0.682, 1.138)	0.951 (0.727, 1.244)	1.043 (0.788, 1.382)
American Indian^a	154	1.161 (0.636, 2.119)	0.603 (0.302, 1.207)	0.662 (0.333, 1.317)
Asian^a	122	0.622 (0.336, 1.148)	1.376 (0.656, 2.886)	1.422 (0.666, 3.034)

Model 1: Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for baseline values of AHEI, age, sex, BMI, MET hours, and total energy intake
Model 2: Also adjusted for baseline values of education, smoking status, family history of diabetes, alcohol use, fasting and 2 h glucose as well as change from baseline to year one of MET hours per week and total energy intake
Model 3: Also adjusted for baseline weight and weight change from baseline to year 1
^aAlso adjusted for treatment group
^bAlso adjusted for race/ethnicity

ISSN: 2055-0928