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Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects

From: Association between milk and yogurt intake and mortality: a community-based cohort study (Yamagata study)

 

Total

None

(< 1/month)

Low

(1–3/month)

Moderate

(1–6/week)

High

(> 1/day)

P-value

  

Yogurt intake

Number (%)

14,264 (100)

2844 (19.9)

2535 (17.8)

5459 (38.3)

3426 (24.0)

 

Male

37.3

64.8

38.8

26.8

30.1

< 0.01

Age, years

61.5 ± 8.7

61.8 ± 8.8

59.8 ± 9.1

61.3 ± 8.6

63.1 ± 8.0

< 0.01

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.0 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 3.3

23.0 ± 3.2

22.8 ± 3.1

< 0.01

Smoking, %

12.0

24.5

15.5

8.0

5.5

< 0.01

Alcohol consumption, %

46.0

61.9

49.1

39.9

40.0

< 0.01

Hypertension, %

41.2

48.4

39.2

39.1

40.1

< 0.01

Diabetes mellitus, %

9.5

11.0

8.9

9.3

9.2

0.04

Dyslipidemia, %

50.4

51.5

49.5

49.9

51.1

0.34

Education period, %

< 9 / 10–12 / > 13 years

12.9/70.0/17.2

15.9/68.2/15.9

12.9/71.1/16.0

11.5/71.7/16.8

12.5/67.9/19.7

< 0.01

  

Milk intake

Number (%)

14,264 (100)

2705 (19.0)

1748 (12.3)

5251 (36.8)

4560 (32.0)

 

Male

37.3

45.3

43.0

34.4

33.8

< 0.01

Age, years

61.5 ± 8.7

60.7 ± 8.9

60.0 ± 9.2

61.5 ± 8.5

62.7 ± 8.3

< 0.01

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.0 ± 3.2

22.8 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 3.2

22.9 ± 3.1

< 0.01

Smoking, %

12.0

19.3

15.2

10.4

8.3

< 0.01

Alcohol consumption, %

46.0

52.5

51.0

44.9

41.3

< 0.01

Hypertension, %

41.2

42.3

41.2

41.3

40.6

0.59

Diabetes mellitus, %

9.5

8.9

9.4

10.0

9.4

0.43

Dyslipidemia, %

50.4

48.0

48.9

50.6

52.3

< 0.01

Education period, %

< 9 / 10–12 / > 13 years

12.9/70.0/17.2

13.5/69.3/17.2

13.6/69.7/16.7

12.7/70.7/16.6

12.5/69.6/17.9

0.46