Table 1 Anthropometric, physical activity and dietary data before and after quitting, CoLaus study, Lausanne, Switzerland
From: No changes in dietary intake after quitting smoking; a prospective study in Switzerland
Before quitting | After quitting | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 128 | 128 | |
Anthropometry c | |||
Weight (kg) | 72.3 ± 15.8 | 74.4 ± 16.5 | < 0.001 * |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 4.4 | 25.9 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 * |
Physical activity d | |||
Energy expenditure | 2651 [2267; 3064] | 2609 [2217; 3198] | 0.658 |
Sedentarity (%) | 47 (47.0) | 48 (48.0) | 1.000 |
Total energy intake (kcal) | 1811 [1396–2234] | 1744 [1357–2169] | 0.162 |
Macronutrients (g/d) | |||
Total protein | 66 [50; 88] | 64 [51; 86] | 0.973 |
Vegetable protein | 19 [15; 27] | 18 [14; 27] | 0.226 |
Animal protein | 45 [33; 60] | 46 [33; 60] | 0.676 |
Carbohydrates | 200 [152; 268] | 188 [147; 253] | 0.131 |
Disaccharides | 92 [66; 127] | 88 [65; 116] | 0.487 |
Polysaccharides | 96 [70; 141] | 89 [61; 138] | 0.115 |
Total fat | 65 [52; 91] | 65 [47; 82] | 0.224 |
SFA | 25 [19; 35] | 23 [16; 31] | 0.008 |
MUFA | 26 [21; 35] | 26 [19; 35] | 0.698 |
PUFA | 9 [7; 12] | 9 [6; 12] | 0.036 |
Alcohol | 7 [1; 19] | 7 [1; 19] | 0.948 |
Fibre | 13 [10–20] | 13 [9–19] | 0.730 |
Macronutrients (% TEI) | |||
Total protein | 14.4 [12.9–16.4] | 15.1 [13.4–17.9] | 0.008 |
Vegetable protein | 4.6 [3.8–5.3] | 4.4 [3.8–5.3] | 0.664 |
Animal protein | 9.7 [8.0–12.1] | 10.8 [8.5–13.5] | 0.011 |
Carbohydrates | 45.2 [38.8–51.7] | 44.1 [39.1–51.0] | 0.295 |
Disaccharides | 19.9 [15.3–27.2] | 21.0 [15.4–25.6] | 0.495 |
Polysaccharides | 22.9 [16.6–27.6] | 20.9 [16.6–27.7] | 0.199 |
Total fat | 34.5 [29.0–38.8] | 34.6 [30.1–39.2] | 0.754 |
SFA | 12.9 [10.8–15.3] | 12.4 [10.6–14.3] | 0.048 |
MUFA | 13.1 [11.0–15.8] | 14.3 [11.4–16.4] | 0.162 |
PUFA | 4.6 [3.8–5.5] | 4.6 [3.8–5.6] | 0.935 |
Alcohol | 3.4 [0.6–7.3] | 2.8 [0.5–6.5] | 0.598 |
Micronutrients | |||
Cholesterol (mg/d) | 289 [218–365] | 268 [197–381] | 0.978 |
Calcium (mg/d) | 941 [706–1297] | 778 [581–1255] | 0.028 |
Iron (mg/d) | 10.1 [7.7–12.7] | 10.1 [7.5–12.9] | 0.931 |
Vitamin D | 1.9 [1.4–2.7] | 2.2 [1.4–3.4] | 0.066 |
Foods (g/day) | |||
Dairy | 177 [94–288] | 150 [77–243] | 0.009 |
Red meat | 37 [18–64] | 38 [24–64] | 0.377 |
Processed meat | 10 [4–19] | 10 [3–17] | 0.224 |
Wholegrain | 30 [5–76] | 27 [6–70] | 0.885 |
Fresh fruits | 132 [57–280] | 147 [72–264] | 0.474 |
Fresh fruits + fresh juice | 169 [72–302] | 178 [92–333] | 0.097 |
Any fruit and fruit juice | 218 [97–394] | 241 [135–370] | 0.142 |
Vegetables | 125 [80–197] | 134 [89–200] | 0.203 |
Fish, excluding fried | 20 [13–35] | 28 [15–46] | 0.009 |
Fish, all | 27 [17–45] | 37 [19–55] | 0.016 |
Ultraprocessed foods | 60 [14–148] | 54 [7–161] | 0.166 |
Compliance to guidelines (%) | |||
Fruits ≥2/day | 41 (32.5) | 51 (40.5) | 0.143 |
Vegetables ≥3/day | 7 (5.6) | 8 (6.4) | 1.000 |
Meat ≤5/week | 80 (63.5) | 73 (57.9) | 0.337 |
Fish ≥1/week a | 82 (65.1) | 89 (70.6) | 0.296 |
Fish ≥1/week b | 44 (34.9) | 58 (46.0) | 0.039 |
Dairy ≥3/day | 11 (8.7) | 11 (8.7) | 1.000 |