Table 3 Effect of lipid-based nutrient supplements on change in the glucose and insulin markers among 268 HIV patients after 3 months of antiretroviral therapy initiation

Adjusted means (95% CI)

Adjusted means (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

P value

Glycated hemoglobin, mmol/mol

34.0 (32.2; 35.7)

35.9 (34.8; 37.1)

2.0 (−0.1; 4.1)

0.067

 Fasting

5.7 (5.5; 5.8)

5.8 (5.7; 5.9)

0.1 (−0.04; 0.3)

0.145

 30 min

7.4 (7.2; 7.7)

7.9 (7.7; 8.1)

0.5 (0.2; 0.8)

0.003

 2 h

6.3 (6.0; 6.6)

6.7 (6.5; 6.9)

0.4 (0.03; 0.8)

0.035

Adjusted geometric means (95% CI)

Adjusted geometric means (95% CI)

10^B (95% CI)

P value

Fasting plasma-insulin, μIU/ml^a

3.3 (2.7; 4.1)

5.2 (4.4; 6.4)

1.57 (1.20;2.05)

0.001

HOMA-B^a

31.2 (25.0; 39.0)

48.2 (41.1; 56.4)

1.54 (1.17; 2.03)

0.002

HOMA-IR^a

0.80 (0.64; 1.00)

1.31 (1.12; 1.54)

1.64 (1.25;2.15)

< 0.001