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Table 5 Non- attitudinal and non- knowledge-based factors that hinder consumption of fruits and vegetables

From: Non-attitudinal and non-knowledge based factors constrain households from translating good nutritional knowledge and attitude to achieve the WHO recommended minimum intake level for fruits and vegetables in a developing country setting: evidence from Gulu district, Uganda

Factor

Description

Respondents’ location

Rural

Urban

Limited budget

Households are unable to purchaseexpensivelyFV from the market during off-season due to lack of financial resources

✓

✓

Pest and diseases

Pests and disease pressure is too high and impacts heavily on the yield of FV because the existing varieties are not resistant

✓

✓

Unpalatability

Some vegetables have unpleasant taste hence they are not liked by children and teenagers

✓

✓

Allergic disorders

Some FV cause allergic disorders to some people so they can not be consumed

✓

X

Distance to markets

Remote markets discourage households from accessing FV due to long distances

✓

✓

Seasonality

Some FV are not available throughout the year especially during the dry season

✓

✓

Unfavourable environmental policies

Existance of policies that prevent utilization of wet land in dry season hinder vegetable production during this period of the year

✓

X

Disturbance by animals

Unrestricted movement of animals especially during the dry season leads to destruction of vegetable crops

✓

X

Unvailability

Certain FV are unavailable in the nearby markets even during on season

✓

X

Occurrence of hailstorms

Destruction that occurs due to hail storms action results into reduced amount of FV produced

✓

X

Stigma

The notion that regular consumption of FV is associated with poverty makes households try as much to reduce their consumption

✓

✓

Land allocation prioritization

Most land is allocated to cash crops such as soybean andmaize at the expense of FV

✓

✓

Lack of preservation technologies

Preservation of fresh FV hardly takes place due to lack of cold chain technologies and high electricity costs

X

✓

Bad weather

Prolonged dry spells lead to reduction in quantity of FV. In addition, heavy rains destroy crops. Heavy rais are also associated with high incidences of FV diseases

X

✓

Medical conditions

Presence of disease conditions, e.g., ulcers that prevent some people from consuming certain FV

X

✓

Environmental limitations

Peculiar environmental requirements can not allow production of certain types of FV

X

✓