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Table 5 Result of the log-binomial model to identify risk factors for low birth weight in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia, 2020

From: Effect of under-nutrition during pregnancy on low birth weight in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia; a prospective cohort study

Variables

Low birth weight

CRR (95%CI)

ARR (95%CI)

Yes (%)

No (%)

Maternal height

≤1.45 m

3 (4.3)

41 (9.5)

0.15 (0.12, 1.8)

0.56 (0.19,1.64)

>1.45 m (ref.)

67 (95.7)

389 (90.5)

1

1

Maternal educational status*

Illiterate

18 (25.7)

109 (25.3)

0.06 (0.57,1.99)

1.8 (1.01, 3.3)*

Elementary school

16 (22.9)

109 (25.3)

0.96 (0.5,1.8)

1.89 (0.89,4.04)

High school

20 (28.6)

108 (25.1)

1.17 (0.64,2.5)

1.86 (0.98,3.44)

Above high school (ref.)

16 (22.9)

104 (24.2)

1

1

Maternal occupational status

Civil servant

25 (35.7)

84 (20)

2.63 (1.55,4.45)

2.69 (1.56,4.68)

Farmer/daily worker

5 (7.1)

45 (10.7)

1.15 (0.46,2.88)

1.08 (0.43,2.69)

Own business

18 (25.7)

60 (14.3)

2.64 (1.49,4.67)

1.75 (0.98,2.32)

Housewife (ref.)

22 (31.4)

230 (54.9)

1

1

Monthly family income**

< 50 US Dollar

23 (32.9)

99 (23)

1.09 (0.68,1.76)

1.6 (1.07,2.2)**

50–167 US Dollar

13 (18.6)

168 (39.1)

0.42 (0.23,0.76)

0.47 (0.28, 0.78)

> 167 US Dollar (ref.)

34 (48.6)

163 (37.9)

1

1

Family size

≤4

50 (71.4)

267 (62.1)

1.44 (0.89,2.35)

1.44 (0.88,2.34)

> 4 (ref.)

20 (28.6)

163 (37.9)

1

1

Utilization of latrine*

Yes

34 (48.6)

319 (75.6)

0.37 (0.24,0.57)

0.47 (0.28, 0.78)*

No (ref.)

36 (51.4)

103 (24.4)

1

1

Fasting during pregnancy during a fasting period

Yes

27 (38.6)

195 (45.3)

0.79 (0.5,1.23)

1.12 (0.71,1.75)

No (ref.)

43 (61.4)

235 (54.7)

1

1

Presence of diseases

Yes

2 (2.9%)

58 (13.5)

0.22 (0.05,0.86)

0.25 (0.06,0.98)

No (ref.)

68 (97.1)

372 (86.5)

1

1

DDS*

Low (< 5)

35 (50)

226 (52.6)

0.92 (0.59,1.4)

1.9 (1.05,2.61)*

Adequate (≥5) (ref.)

35 (50)

204 (47.4)

1

1

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy

Yes

6 (8.6)

84 (19.5)

0.43 (0.19,0.96)

0.42 (0.18,0.95)

No (ref.)

64 (91.4)

346 (80.5)

1

1

Total gestational weight gain

Low

51 (72.9)

262 (60.9)

1.6 (0.98,2.6)

1.45 (0.9,2.32)

Adequate (ref.)

19 (27.1)

168 (39.1)

1

1

  1. * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, CRR: Crude Risk Ratio, ARR: Adjusted Risk Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval, ref.: reference category