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Table 1 General characteristics of the study population according to living region

From: Dietary supplements consumption and its association with socioeconomic factors, obesity and main non-communicable chronic diseases in the north of Iran: the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)

Region

Total

N(%)

P1

 

Rural

N(%)

Urban

N(%)

Gender,

 Female

3082 (52.2)

2551 (55.3)

5633 (53.5)

0.001

 Male

2825 (47.8)

2062 (44.7)

4887 (46.5)

 

Age (years)

 35- < 45

1792 (30.3)

1350 (29.3)

3142 (29.9)

0.000

 45- < 55

2202 (37.3)

1650 (35.8)

3852 (36.6)

 

 55- < 65

1567 (26.5)

1163 (25.2)

2730 (26.0)

 

 ≥ 65

346 (5.9)

450 (9.8)

796 (7.6)

 

Educational status

 Illiterate

729 (12.3)

1009 (21.9)

1738 (16.5)

0.000

 1–5 years of schooling

1577 (26.7)

1735 (37.6)

3312 (31.5)

 

 6–12 years of schooling

3074 (52.0)

1758 (38.1)

4832 (45.9)

 

 University/college

527 (8.9)

111 (2.4)

638 (6.1)

 

Marital status

 Married

5393 (91.3)

4134 (89.6)

9527 (90.6)

0.003

 Single/Widowed/Divorced

514 (8.7)

479 (10.4)

993 (9.4)

 

Current cigarette smoking, No. (%)

 Yes (daily)

895 (15.2)

738 (16.0)

1633 (15.5)

0.403

 Yes (sometimes)

114 (1.9)

80 (1.7)

194 (1.8)

 

 no

4446 (75.3)

3420 (74.1)

7866 (74.8)

 

 Past smoking

452 (7.7)

375 (8.1)

827 (7.9)

 

Drinking Alcohol (yes)

905 (15.3)

610 (13.2)

1515 (14.4)

0.002

History of chronic disease

 Diabetes

1364 (23.1)

1167 (25.3)

2531 (24.1)

0.009

 Hypertension

2357 (39.9)

2189 (47.4)

4543 (43.2)

0.000

 Cardiovascular disease

457 (7.7)

403 (8.7)

860 (8.2)

0.063

 Cancer

60 (0.6)

34 (0.3)

94 (0.9)

0.132

 Obesity

1970 (33.4)

1466 (31.8)

3436 (32.7)

0.08

 Central Obesity

3738 (63.3)

2856)61.9(

6594 (62.7)

0.15

Dietary Supplement usage

1611 (27.3)

991 (21.5)

2602 (24.7)

0.000

Type of Supplement

 Calcium

44 (0.7)

30 (0.7)

74 (0.7)

0.565

 Multivitamin/mineral

34 (0.6)

23 (0.5)

57 (0.5)

0.593

 Multivitamin

69 (1.2)

58 (1.3)

127 (1.2)

0.678

 Calcium/vitamin D

737 (12.5)

443 (9.6)

1180 (11.2)

0.000

 Vitamin D pearl/ampoule

574 (9.7)

240 (5.2)

814 (7.7)

0.000

 Folic acid

443 (7.5)

268 (5.8)

711 (6.8)

0.001

 Omega 3

46 (0.8)

24 (0.5)

70 (0.7)

0.106

 Ferrous sulfate

548 (9.3)

383 (8.3)

931 (8.8)

0.810

 Zinc sulfate/Zinc gluconate

28 (0.5)

13 (0.3)

41 (0.4)

0.116

  1. 1P-values were calculated by Pearson’s χ2 test where appropriate