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Table 2 The association (β and 95%CI) between TFA intake and n-3 LCPUFA intake at 6 years of age and subsequent 3- and 7-year change in BMI (kg/m2). Absolute intake (g/d) and relative intake models (E%).

From: Intake of n-3 LCPUFA and trans-fatty acids is unrelated to development in body mass index and body fat among children

  Grams per day (g/d) Energy percentage (E%)
  3-year changes in BMI (kg/m2) (n=285) 7-year changes in BMI (kg/m2) (n=221) 3-year changes in BMI (kg/m2) (n=285) 7-year changes in BMI (kg/m2) (n=221)
  β 95% CI P β 95% CI P β 95% CI P β 95% CI P
TFA
Crude1 0.1 -0.8;0.3 0.25 0.1 -0.3;0.5 0.60 0.5 -0.1;1.1 0.12 0.9 -0.3;2.0 0.14
Adjusted (basic)2 0.1 -0.1;0.3 0.32 0.1 -0.3;0.5 0.62 0.4 -0.2;1.0 0.20 0.7 -0.4;1.9 0.21
Adjusted (+EI)3 0.2 -0.1;0.5 0.14 0.3 -0.2;0.8 0.26 0.4 -0.2;1.0 0.18 0.8 -0.3;2.0 0.16
n-3 LCPUFA
Crude1 0.1 -0.4;0.6 0.76 -0.2 -1.1;0.7 0.69 0.01 -1.2;1.2 0.98 -0.1 -2.2;2.0 0.91
Adjusted (basic)2 0.01 -0.5;0.5 0.95 -0.4 -1.3;0.5 0.35 -0.2 -1.3,1.0 0.77 -0.8 -2.9;1.3 0.47
Adjusted (+EI)3 0.03 -0.5;0.6 0.92 -0.4 -1.3;0.6 0.42 -0.2 -1.4;1.0 0.76 -0.8 -2.9;1.3 0.45
Substitution of other fats with n-3 LCPUFA
Crude4 0.1 -0.4;0.7 0.64 -0.1 -1.0;0.9 0.90 -0.2 -1.4;1.0 0.75 -0.4 -2.5;1.7 0.68
Adjusted (basic)2 0.02 -0.5;0.5 0.93 -0.4 -1.3;0.6 0.44 -0.4 -1.5;0.8 0.53 -1.0 -3.1;1.1 0.35
Adjusted (+EI)3 -0.03 -0.6;0.5 0.91 -0.4 -1.4;0.5 0.38 -0.4 -1.6;0.8 0.53 -1.0 -3.1;1.1 0.33
Substitution of SFA with n-3 LCPUFA
Crude5 0.1 -0.4;0.6 0.76 -0.1 -1.0;0.9 0.87 -0.7 -2.1;0.7 0.31 -1.6 -3.9;0.8 0.20
Adjusted (basic)2 -0.001 -0.5;0.5 0.997 -0.4 -1.3;0.6 0.44 -0.9 -2.2;0.5 0.21 -1.8 -4.1;0.5 0.13
Adjusted (+EI)3 -0.2 -0.7;0.4 0.60 -0.6 -1.6;0.4 0.27 -0.8 -2.2;0.5 0.21 -1.8 -4.1;0.5 0.13
Substitution of MUFA with n-3 LCPUFA
Crude6 -0.02 -0.6;0.5 0.94 -0.2 -1.2;0.7 0.62 -0.4 -1.6;0.8 0.52 -0.6 -2.7;1.5 0.57
Adjusted (basic)2 -0.1 -0.6;0.4 0.75 -0.5 -1.4;0.5 0.32 -0.5 -1.7;0.6 0.37 -1.1 -3.2;1.0 0.31
Adjusted (+EI)3 -0.1 -0.7;0.4 0.61 -0.5 -1.5;0.5 0.28 -0.5 -1.7;0.6 0.37 -1.1 -3.2;1.0 0.29
Substitution of other PUFAs with n-3 LCPUFA
Crude7 0.1 -0.5;0.6 0.82 -0.1 -1.1;0.8 0.78 -0.3 -1.5;1.0 0.67 -0.5 -2.6;1.7 0.66
Adjusted (basic)2 -0.02 -0.5;0.5 0.95 -0.4 -1.3;0.5 0.40 -0.5 -1.7;0.7 0.40 -1.1 -3.2;1.1 0.32
Adjusted (+EI)3 -0.06 -0.6;0.5 0.83 -0.4 -1.4;0.5 0.38 -0.5 -1.7;0.7 0.40 -1.1 -3.2;1.0 0.31
  1. 1adjusted for baseline BMI, age and sex; 2 adjusted further for baseline physical activity, intervention group, maternal and parental BMI and maternal education level; 3 Model adjusted further for energy intake
  2. By holding the total energy intake, it was assumed that the increase in n-3 LCPUFA resulted in a corresponding decrease in the intake of the fat component being replaced in each model. Substitution model adjusted for baseline BMI, age, sex, baseline intake of carbohydrate and protein, baseline intake of non-specified fat
  3. 4Substitution model excluded total fat intake from the model; 5 Substitution model excluded SFA intake from the model; 6 Substitution model excluded MUFA intake from the model; 7 Substitution model excluded PUFAs intake from the model.
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